Martínez P M, Torres A R, Ortiz de Lejarazu R, Montoya A, Martín J F, Eiros J M
Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Apr;37(4):1100-6. doi: 10.1128/JCM.37.4.1100-1106.1999.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible utilization of saliva and urine as alternative samples to serum for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A total of 302 individuals participated in the study: 187 HIV-infected individuals (106 had Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] stage II infection, 19 had CDC stage III infection, and 62 had CDC stage IV infection) and 115 noninfected persons (46 of the noninfected persons were blood donors and 69 belonged to a group at high risk of HIV infection). Paired saliva and urine samples were taken from each of the participants in the study. The presence of HIV-specific antibodies was detected by an enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA), and the result was confirmed by Western blot analysis (WB). The ELFA with saliva gave maximum sensitivity and specificity values, while ELFA had lower sensitivity (95.2%) and specificity (97. 4%) values for detection of HIV antibody in urine samples. WB with all saliva samples fulfilled the World Health Organization criterion for positivity, while only 96.8% of the urine samples were confirmed to be positive by WB. Among the four reactivity patterns found by WB of these alternative samples, the most frequent included bands against three groups of HIV structural proteins (was ENV, POL, and GAG). The reactivity bands most frequently observed were those for the proteins gp160 and gp120. The least common reactivity band was the band for protein p17. The detection of HIV antibodies in saliva samples by means of ELFA with the possibility of later confirmation by WB makes saliva an alternative to serum for possible use in the diagnosis of infection. In contrast, HIV antibody detection in urine samples by the same methodology (ELFA) could be taken into consideration for use in epidemiological studies.
本研究的目的是评估唾液和尿液作为血清的替代样本用于诊断人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的可能性。共有302人参与了该研究：187名HIV感染者（106人处于疾病控制与预防中心[CDC]Ⅱ期感染，19人处于CDCⅢ期感染，62人处于CDCⅣ期感染）和115名未感染者（46名未感染者为献血者，69名属于HIV感染高危组）。从研究中的每位参与者采集了配对的唾液和尿液样本。通过酶联荧光测定法（ELFA）检测HIV特异性抗体的存在，并通过蛋白质印迹分析（WB）确认结果。唾液ELFA检测的灵敏度和特异性值最高，而尿液样本中ELFA检测HIV抗体的灵敏度（95.2%）和特异性（97.4%）较低。所有唾液样本的WB检测均符合世界卫生组织的阳性标准，而尿液样本只有96.8%经WB确认为阳性。在这些替代样本的WB检测发现的四种反应模式中，最常见的包括针对三组HIV结构蛋白（ENV、POL和GAG）的条带。最常观察到的反应条带是针对蛋白质gp160和gp120的条带。最不常见的反应条带是蛋白质p17的条带。通过ELFA检测唾液样本中的HIV抗体并随后用WB进行确认，使得唾液成为血清的一种替代物，有可能用于感染的诊断。相比之下，采用相同方法（ELFA）检测尿液样本中的HIV抗体可考虑用于流行病学研究。
