Woolf-May K, Kearney E M, Jones D W, Davison R C, Coleman D, Bird S R
Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Canterbury Christ Church College, UK.
J Sports Sci. 1998 Nov;16(8):701-10. doi: 10.1080/026404198366335.
Forty-nine previously sedentary or low active individuals aged 40-71 years were allocated to three groups. The long walking group participated in an 18-week walking programme which consisted of walks lasting 20-40 min; the repetitive short walking group completed walks of between 10 and 15 min, up to three times a day, with no less than 120 min between each walk; and the control group maintained their low level of activity. Both walking programmes began at a prescribed 60 min x week(-1), which increased steadily up to 200 min x week(-1) by week 12. During the study, the long walking group walked for an estimated 2514 min (139 min x week(-1)), expending an estimated 67.5 MJ (3.72 MJ x week(-1)) at an estimated 73% of their age-predicted maximum heart rate and 68% of their estimated VO2max. The repetitive short walking group walked for an estimated 2476 min (135 min x week(-1)), expending an estimated 58.5 MJ (3.17 MJ x week(-1)) at an estimated 71% of their age-predicted maximum heart rate and 65% of their estimated VO2max. The results showed a statistically significant reduction in heart rate during a standardized step test (pre- vs post-intervention) in both walking groups, indicating an improvement in aerobic fitness, although the control group showed a higher average heart rate during the post-intervention test, indicating reduced fitness. When compared with the male subjects pre-intervention, the females possessed more favourable levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P< 0.001), apolipoprotein (apo) AI (P < 0.001) and ratios of total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol (P< 0.02) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol: HDL cholesterol (P< 0.02). Compared with the controls post-intervention, the walking groups showed no statistically significant changes in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apo AI, apo AII, apo B, or the ratios of total cholesterol: HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol: HDL cholesterol, apo AI: apo B or apo AI: apo AII (P > 0.05). Relative to the walking groups, factor XIIa increased in the control group (P < 0.05). We conclude that, although both walking programmes appeared to improve aerobic fitness, there was no evidence of improvements in the blood lipids or associated apolipoproteins of the walking groups. Further analysis indicated that this apparent lack of change may have been related to the subjects' relatively good pre-intervention blood lipid profiles, which restricted the potential for change. The implications of the observed changes in the coagulation/fibrinolytic factors remain unclear.
49名年龄在40 - 71岁之间、之前久坐或活动量少的个体被分为三组。长距离步行组参加了一项为期18周的步行计划，其中每次步行持续20 - 40分钟；重复短距离步行组每次完成10至15分钟的步行，每天最多三次，每次步行间隔不少于120分钟；对照组保持低活动水平。两个步行计划均从规定的每周60分钟开始，到第12周稳步增加至每周200分钟。在研究期间，长距离步行组估计步行2514分钟（每周139分钟），以估计年龄预测最大心率的73%和估计最大摄氧量的68%消耗了约67.5兆焦耳（每周3.72兆焦耳）。重复短距离步行组估计步行2476分钟（每周135分钟），以估计年龄预测最大心率的71%和估计最大摄氧量的65%消耗了约58.5兆焦耳（每周3.17兆焦耳）。结果显示，两个步行组在标准化阶梯试验中（干预前与干预后）心率有统计学显著降低，表明有氧适能有所改善，尽管对照组在干预后测试中的平均心率较高，表明适能下降。与干预前的男性受试者相比，女性的高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇（P < 0.001）、载脂蛋白（apo）AI（P < 0.001）以及总胆固醇与HDL胆固醇的比值（P < 0.02）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇与HDL胆固醇的比值（P < 0.02）水平更有利。与干预后的对照组相比，步行组在总胆固醇、LDL胆固醇、HDL胆固醇、apo AI、apo AII、apo B或总胆固醇与HDL胆固醇的比值、LDL胆固醇与HDL胆固醇的比值、apo AI与apo B的比值或apo AI与apo AII的比值方面无统计学显著变化（P > 0.05）。相对于步行组，对照组中因子XIIa增加（P < 0.05）。我们得出结论，尽管两个步行计划似乎都改善了有氧适能，但没有证据表明步行组的血脂或相关载脂蛋白有所改善。进一步分析表明，这种明显缺乏变化可能与受试者干预前相对良好的血脂谱有关，这限制了变化的可能性。凝血/纤溶因子观察到的变化的影响仍不清楚。
