Behrens O, Steiner C, Böhmer S, Mühlhaus K
Frauenklinik Kreiskrankenhaus Rendsburg.
Zentralbl Gynakol. 1999;121(5):228-32.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of ultrasound screening in pregnancy.
Therefore, it was registered whether fetal malformations in a study population of 11,172 deliveries were already diagnosed before birth.
341 defects were found in 297 children from mothers who had had prenatal care. Most anomalies were seen in the urogenital tract (n = 98; 28.7%), the heart (n = 67; 19.6%), the connective tissue (n = 39; 11.4%), the gastrointestinal tract (n = 32; 9.4%), and in the central nervous system (n = 33; 9.7%). Chromosomal anomalies (n = 22; 6.5%) and orofacial defects (n = 21; 6.2%) were more rare. 8.8% of all defects were lethal, 37% severe. 237 (69.5%) were classified as "diagnosable by ultrasound prenatally". 125 of them (53%) were identified prenatally, with high rates of 71% in central nervous system, 65.5% in intestinal and 54% in urogenital tract, while the detection rate was only 13.6% in chromosomal and 3.3% in cardiac defects. Only 14.3% were found before 24 weeks of gestation.
Thus, the effectiveness of ultrasound screening has to be improved by adequate measures.
本研究旨在探讨超声筛查在孕期的有效性。
因此，记录了11172例分娩的研究人群中胎儿畸形是否在出生前已被诊断。
在接受产前检查的母亲所生的297名儿童中发现了341处缺陷。大多数异常出现在泌尿生殖道（n = 98；28.7%）、心脏（n = 67；19.6%）、结缔组织（n = 39；11.4%）、胃肠道（n = 32；9.4%）和中枢神经系统（n = 33；9.7%）。染色体异常（n = 22；6.5%）和口面部缺陷（n = 21；6.2%）较为少见。所有缺陷中有8.8%是致命的，37%是严重的。237处（69.5%）被归类为“产前可通过超声诊断”。其中125处（53%）在产前被识别，中枢神经系统的识别率高达71%，肠道为65.5%，泌尿生殖道为54%，而染色体缺陷的检测率仅为13.6%，心脏缺陷为3.3%。只有14.3%在妊娠24周前被发现。
因此，必须采取适当措施提高超声筛查的有效性。
