埃塞俄比亚北部大坝附近儿童疟疾发病率：基于社区的发病率调查
Incidence of malaria among children living near dams in northern Ethiopia: community based incidence survey.
作者信息
Ghebreyesus T A, Haile M, Witten K H, Getachew A, Yohannes A M, Yohannes M, Teklehaimanot H D, Lindsay S W, Byass P
机构信息
Tigray Regional Health Bureau, Department of Malaria Control, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
出版信息
BMJ. 1999 Sep 11;319(7211):663-6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.319.7211.663.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the impact of construction of microdams on the incidence of malaria in nearby communities in terms of possibly increasing peak incidence and prolonging transmission.
DESIGN
Four quarterly cycles of malaria incidence surveys, each taking 30 days, undertaken in eight at risk communities close to dams paired with eight control villages at similar altitudes but beyond flight range of mosquitoes.
SETTING
Tigray region in northern Ethiopia at altitudes of 1800 to 2225 m.
SUBJECTS
About 7000 children under 10 years living in villages within 3 km of microdams and in control villages 8-10 km distant.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Incidence of malaria in both communities.
RESULTS
Overall incidence of malaria for the villages close to dams was 14.0 episodes/1000 child months at risk compared with 1.9 in the control villages-a sevenfold ratio. Incidence was significantly higher in both communities at altitudes below 1900 m.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a need for attention to be given to health issues in the implementation of ecological and environmental development programmes, specifically for appropriate malaria control measures to counteract the increased risks near these dams.
目的
从可能增加发病率峰值和延长传播时间的角度，评估修建微型水坝对附近社区疟疾发病率的影响。
设计
在靠近水坝的8个高危社区以及海拔相似但在蚊子飞行范围之外的8个对照村庄，开展四个季度周期的疟疾发病率调查，每个周期为期30天。
地点
埃塞俄比亚北部提格雷地区，海拔1800至2225米。
研究对象
居住在距离微型水坝3公里范围内村庄以及距离8至10公里远的对照村庄中的约7000名10岁以下儿童。
主要观察指标
两个社区的疟疾发病率。
结果
靠近水坝村庄的疟疾总体发病率为每1000儿童月发病14.0例，而对照村庄为1.9例，二者之比为7倍。海拔低于1900米的两个社区发病率均显著更高。
结论
在实施生态与环境发展项目时，有必要关注健康问题，特别是采取适当的疟疾控制措施，以应对这些水坝附近增加的风险。
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