反向掩蔽对失配负波的抑制预示着酗酒者工作记忆表现受损。

Suppression of mismatch negativity by backward masking predicts impaired working-memory performance in alcoholics.

作者信息

Ahveninen J, Jääskeläinen I P, Pekkonen E, Hallberg A, Hietanen M, Mäkelä R, Näätänen R, Sillanaukee P

机构信息

Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland.

出版信息

Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999 Sep;23(9):1507-14.

PMID:10512317

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Pronounced disruption of memory traces by subsequent distractors may result in impaired behavioral memory performance in alcoholics.

METHODS

This hypothesis was investigated with an electrophysiological index of auditory sensory-memory traces, mismatch negativity, a preattentive event-related potential component elicited by a "deviant" tone within a train of "standard" tones.

RESULTS

Inserting a masking stimulus after these tones abolished mismatch negativity in alcoholics (DSM-IV) but not in social-drinker controls. This effect predicted working-memory impairment in alcoholics, and correlated significantly with self-reported alcohol consumption of the subjects. Furthermore, the backward-masking mismatch negativity paradigm detected sensory-memory impairment in 9 of 20 alcoholics (sensitivity 45%), whereas all 20 social drinkers were unimpaired (specificity 100%).

CONCLUSIONS

Vulnerability to memory trace disruption by shortly following sounds may be one of the factors contributing to behavioral memory dysfunction in alcoholics. The present result may provide an objective neurophysiological tool for investigation of alcohol-induced and other degenerative brain disorders.

摘要

背景

后续干扰因素对记忆痕迹的显著破坏可能导致酗酒者行为记忆表现受损。

方法

采用听觉感觉记忆痕迹的电生理指标失匹配负波来探究这一假设，失匹配负波是在一串“标准”音调中由一个“偏差”音调引发的一种前注意事件相关电位成分。

结果

在这些音调之后插入一个掩蔽刺激会消除酗酒者（精神疾病诊断与统计手册第四版）的失匹配负波，但不会消除社交饮酒者对照组的失匹配负波。这种效应预示着酗酒者的工作记忆受损，并且与受试者自我报告的酒精摄入量显著相关。此外，逆向掩蔽失匹配负波范式在20名酗酒者中的9名中检测到感觉记忆受损（敏感性45%），而所有20名社交饮酒者均未受损（特异性100%）。