Krause S A, Graves B W
Nurse-Midwifery Education Program, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01199, USA.
J Nurse Midwifery. 1999 Nov-Dec;44(6):537-48. doi: 10.1016/s0091-2182(99)00107-x.
Approximately one of five pregnant women will experience bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy. Of these women, about half will go on to have a spontaneous abortion. Comfort with triaging this common problem assists the midwife in providing quality, cost-effective care without eliminating continuity. This article reviews the causes of early pregnancy bleeding, offers strategies to differentiate between these causes, and identifies emergent from nonemergent presentations. Triage and management strategies for women with an impending or threatened spontaneous abortion are reviewed, exploring the alternative of expectant management.
大约五分之一的孕妇在妊娠早期会出现出血情况。在这些孕妇中,约有一半会发生自然流产。熟悉对这一常见问题进行分诊,有助于助产士提供高质量、具有成本效益的护理,同时又不影响连续性。本文回顾了早期妊娠出血的原因,提供了区分这些原因的策略,并确定紧急情况与非紧急情况。还回顾了对即将发生或有自然流产风险的孕妇的分诊和管理策略,探讨了期待管理的替代方案。