Fiber connections of the corpus mamillare in a percomorph teleost, tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.

The hypothalamus and perhaps its function appear to be similar among vertebrates. Thus, studying the teleostean hypothalamus could be a good model for understanding common neural circuits and mechanisms retained through the vertebrates. However, connections of the inferior lobe, which is considered the hypothalamus in teleosts, is poorly known. The corpus mamillare (CM) is a nucleus of the inferior lobe named after the mammalian mamillary body based on similarities in external morphology. Afferent connections of the CM have been reported only in cypriniform teleosts. These include projections from the nucleus pretectalis superficialis pars magnocellularis, a nucleus lacking in percomorph teleosts, and projections from the secondary gustatory nucleus. Efferent connections of the CM have not been reported in teleosts. In the present study, the CM and its subdivisions and the connections of these subnuclei were identified in isolated and maintained brains of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus by local DiI and biocytin injection. Afferent connections confirmed by reciprocal injections were from the nucleus diffusus lobi inferioris (NDLI) and the nucleus diffusus tori lateralis (NDTL). Efferent connections of each CM subnuclei were also reciprocally confirmed. These connections were to the area dorsalis pars medialis of the telencephalon, the nucleus ventromedialis (NVM) of the thalamus, the tectum opticum (TO), and the nucleus posterioris periventricularis. Because the NDLI is known to receive gustatory information in tilapia, the CM could relay gustatory inputs to multisensory areas, the TO and NVM, for which there are no current reports regarding gustatory inputs.