社区内收入的社会比较：来自全国收入与幸福调查的证据。
Social comparisons of income in one's community: evidence from national surveys of income and happiness.
作者信息
Hagerty M R
机构信息
Graduate School of Management, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA.
出版信息
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000 Apr;78(4):764-71. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.78.4.764.
Two studies provide evidence for social comparison effects of income on subjective well-being (SWB). The 1st study of 7,023 persons from nationally representative samples in the United States shows that the range and skew of the income distribution in a community affects a person's happiness, as predicted by range-frequency theory. The 2nd study of 8 nations over a period of 25 years shows that decreasing the skew (inequality) of the income distribution in a country increases average national SWB. Both studies strongly support social comparison effects of income within a community, and both results are predicted by range-frequency theory. These studies are the first to successfully extend earlier results of R. H. Smith, E. Diener, and D. H. Wedell (1989) from the laboratory into naturalistic situations. The magnitude of the social comparison effects is smaller than the main effect of income, which implies that nations can avoid creating a "hedonic treadmill."
两项研究为收入对主观幸福感（SWB）的社会比较效应提供了证据。第一项针对美国具有全国代表性样本的7023人的研究表明，社区收入分配的范围和偏度会影响一个人的幸福感，正如范围-频率理论所预测的那样。第二项对8个国家长达25年的研究表明，减少一个国家收入分配的偏度（不平等）会提高国家平均主观幸福感。这两项研究都有力地支持了社区内收入的社会比较效应，并且这两个结果都由范围-频率理论预测得出。这些研究首次成功地将R. H. 史密斯、E. 迪纳和D. H. 韦德尔（1989年）早期在实验室中的研究结果扩展到了自然情境中。社会比较效应的大小小于收入的主要效应，这意味着各国可以避免制造“享乐跑步机”。
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