Conservation of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein structure and expression in vertebrates.

Complementary DNAs for the open reading frames of the chicken, Xenopus and zebrafish StAR homologs were cloned along with a partial cDNA of the zebrafish homolog to MLN64, a StAR-related protein. A comparison of the amino acid sequences of piscine, amphibian, avian and mammalian StARs, indicates strong conservation of the protein across divergent vertebrate groups. On Northern blots probed with species specific StAR cDNAs, expression of StAR transcripts was observed in the ovary and adrenal of chicken, and the ovary, testis, kidney and head of zebrafish. The expression of StAR mRNA in various compartments of the hen ovary was consistent with the results of past studies on steroidogenesis; expression was first observed in follicles selected into the preovulatory hierarchy and was greatest in the largest preovulatory follicle. The expression of StAR mRNA was also consistent with aromatase expression in zebrafish ovaries. The conserved deduced protein sequence and expression pattern of StAR transcripts in chicken and zebrafish tissues, strongly suggest that StAR is also involved in the regulation of steroidogenesis in nonmammalian vertebrates.