Infective Endocarditis: Current Guidelines on Prophylaxis.

Prevention of infective endocarditis is a priority because this disease is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality both during the acute phase of the illness and subsequently, despite modern medical and surgical treatment. The American Heart Association has published recommendations for prevention by antimicrobial prophylaxis since 1955; the most recent revision of these guidelines appeared in 1997. All practicing physicians should know their content and understand their underlying concepts and assumptions.