Mavromichalis I, Hancock J D, Senne B W, Gugle T L, Kennedy G A, Hines R H, Wyatt C L
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2000 Dec;78(12):3086-95. doi: 10.2527/2000.78123086x.
Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of enzyme supplementation and particle size of wheat-based diets on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in nursery and finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 180 weaned pigs (5.7 kg and 21 d of age) were fed diets in a 35-d growth assay without or with a Trichoderma longibrachiatium enzyme product (4,000 units of xylanase activity per gram of product) and with wheat ground to mean particle sizes of 1,300, 600, or 400 microm. Enzyme supplementation had no effect on ADG or gain/feed (P > 0.32), but there was a trend (P < 0.10) for greater digestibility of DM (d 6) in enzyme-supplemented diets. A particle size of 600 microm supported the greatest overall gain/feed (quadratic effect, P < 0.01). An interaction of enzyme supplementation with particle size occurred; gain/feed was improved (P < 0.01) with enzyme supplementation at the coarse (1,300 microm) particle size but not when the wheat was ground to 600 or 400 microm. In Exp. 2, 160 finishing pigs (67 kg) were fed a diet without or with the same enzyme used in Exp. 1 and wheat ground to 1,300 or 600 microm. No interactions occurred between enzyme supplementation and particle size of the wheat (P > 0.15). However, there were trends for greater gain/feed (P < 0.10) during the 67- to 93-kg phase of the experiment and for greater digestibility of DM (P < 0.10) and N (P < 0.07) with enzyme supplementation. When particle size was reduced from 1,300 to 600 microm, gain/feed was improved (P < 0.03) for the 93- to 114-kg phase of the growth assay, and digestibilities of DM (P < 0.02) and N (P < 0.04) were greater. In Exp. 3, 160 finishing pigs (63 kg) were given diets without or with the enzyme product and wheat ground to 600 or 400 microm. Enzyme supplementation improved ADG (P < 0.04) in the 90- to 115-kg phase but otherwise did not affect growth performance, carcass measurements, or stomach lesions. A particle size of 400 microm increased overall gain/feed (P < 0.04), digestibilities of DM and N (P < 0.01), and development of stomach lesions (P < 0.01). In conclusion, pigs did not benefit consistently from enzyme supplementation. However, wheat particle sizes of 600 and 400 microm supported the best overall performance in nursery and finishing pigs, respectively.
进行了三项试验，以确定在小麦型日粮中添加酶和改变小麦粒度对保育猪和育肥猪生长性能及养分消化率的影响。在试验1中，选用180头断奶仔猪（5.7 kg，21日龄），进行为期35天的生长试验，分别饲喂不添加酶或添加长枝木霉酶产品（每克产品含4000单位木聚糖酶活性）的日粮，小麦的平均粒度分别为1300、600或400微米。添加酶对平均日增重（ADG）或料重比无显著影响（P>0.32），但添加酶的日粮在第6天干物质（DM）消化率有提高趋势（P<0.10）。600微米的粒度能获得最佳的整体料重比（二次效应，P<0.01）。酶添加与粒度存在交互作用；粗粒度（1300微米）时添加酶可改善料重比（P<0.01），而小麦粒度为600或400微米时则无此效果。在试验2中，选用160头育肥猪（67 kg），分别饲喂不添加酶或添加与试验1相同酶的日粮，小麦粒度为1300或600微米。酶添加与小麦粒度之间无交互作用（P>0.15）。然而，在试验的67至93 kg阶段，添加酶有提高料重比的趋势（P<0.10），且添加酶可提高DM（P<0.10）和氮（N）（P<0.07）的消化率。当粒度从1300微米降至600微米时，在生长试验的93至114 kg阶段料重比得到改善（P<0.03），DM（P<0.02）和N（P<0.04）的消化率提高。在试验3中，选用160头育肥猪（63 kg），分别饲喂不添加酶或添加酶产品的日粮，小麦粒度为600或400微米。在90至115 kg阶段，添加酶可提高ADG（P<0.04），但对生长性能、胴体指标或胃部损伤无其他影响。400微米的粒度提高了整体料重比（P<0.04）、DM和N的消化率（P<0.01），并增加了胃部损伤（P<0.01）。总之，添加酶并不能始终让猪受益。然而，600微米和400微米的小麦粒度分别对保育猪和育肥猪的整体性能最佳。
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