Mandell D L
Department of Otolaryngology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2000 Dec;33(6):1309-32. doi: 10.1016/s0030-6665(05)70283-8.
An understanding of the branchial apparatus and its anomalies may lead to greater precision in the clinical diagnosis and management of these congenital head and neck lesions. Although branchial anomalies have been well described, controversial issues, such as the branchial origin of lateral cervical cysts and the differentiation between third and fourth branchial pouch sinuses, remain unresolved.
了解鳃器及其异常情况可能会提高这些先天性头颈部病变临床诊断和治疗的精确性。尽管鳃器异常情况已有详尽描述,但一些存在争议的问题,如颈侧囊肿的鳃源性以及第三和第四鳃裂窦的鉴别,仍未得到解决。