Richards G
Sci Context. 2000 Summer;13(2):183-230. doi: 10.1017/s0269889700003793.
Despite the enormous historical attention psychoanalysis has attracted, its popularization in Britain (as opposed to the United States) in the wake of the Great War has been largely overlooked. The present paper explores the sources and fate of the sudden "craze" for psychoanalysis after 1918, examining the content of the books through which the doctrine became widely known, along with the roles played by religious interests and the popular press. The percolation of Freudian and related language into everyday English was effectively complete by the 1930s. Crucially, it is argued that in Britain the character of psychoanalytic theory itself demonstrably converged with the psychological needs of the British population in the postwar period. The situation in Britain was clearly different in many respects from that in the United States. This episode bears on numerous questions about scientific popularization, the distinctiveness of British psychoanalysis, and though it is treated here only peripherally the epistemological status or nature of psychoanalysis. More generally the present paper may be read as an exercise in reflexive disciplinary historiography, in which the levels of discipline ("Psychology") and subject matter ("psychology") are viewed as interpenetrating and mutually constitutive.
尽管精神分析学在历史上备受关注，但一战后它在英国（与美国不同）的普及情况在很大程度上被忽视了。本文探讨了1918年后精神分析学突然“狂热”的根源和命运，研究了使该学说广为人知的书籍内容，以及宗教利益集团和大众媒体所起的作用。到20世纪30年代，弗洛伊德及其相关术语已有效地融入日常英语之中。关键的是，有人认为在英国，精神分析理论本身的特点明显与战后英国民众的心理需求相契合。英国的情况在许多方面显然与美国不同。这一事件涉及到诸多有关科学普及、英国精神分析学的独特性的问题，尽管本文只是附带提及，但也涉及到精神分析学的认识论地位或性质。更广泛地说，本文可被视为一次反思性学科史学的实践，其中学科层面（“心理学”）和主题层面（“心理”）被视为相互渗透且相互构成的。
