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人类基因治疗:是否在走下坡路?

Human gene therapy: down the slippery slope?

作者信息

Holtug Nils

出版信息

Bioethics. 1993 Oct;7(5):402-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8519.1993.tb00231.x.

Abstract

The strength of a slippery slope argument is a matter of some dispute. Some see it as a reasonable argument pointing out what probably or inevitably follows from adopting some practice, others see it as essentially a fallacious argument. However, there seems to be a tendency emerging to say that in many cases, the argument is not actually fallacious, although it may be unsubstantiated. I shall not try to settle this general discussion, but merely seek to assess the strength of the slippery slope argument applied to human gene therapy. The structure of my argument will be the following. First, I shall distinguish between three different versions of the slippery slope argument; two logical versions and an empirical one. Next, I will address human gene therapy in terms of each of the three versions, partly relying on slippery slope arguments against this practice that have already surfaced in the literature. I shall argue that neither version pulls through. The logical versions fail primarily because relevant distinctions can be made between different uses of gene therapy, contrary to what the proponents of the arguments claim. The empirical version fails because there seems to be no evidence supporting the claim that we shall in fact slide down the slope if we engage in gene therapy, and because if we accepted the conclusion that we should not allow gene therapy on the basis of the empirical argument, we should have to make very far-reaching and undesirable modifications in health care in general, in order to be consistent. Or at least so I shall argue.

摘要

滑坡论证的说服力存在一定争议。有些人认为它是一种合理的论证,指出采用某种做法可能或必然会产生的后果;另一些人则认为它本质上是一种谬误论证。然而,似乎有一种趋势逐渐显现,即在许多情况下,该论证实际上并非谬误,尽管它可能缺乏依据。我不会试图解决这一一般性讨论,而只是试图评估应用于人类基因治疗的滑坡论证的说服力。我的论证结构如下。首先,我将区分滑坡论证的三种不同版本:两种逻辑版本和一种经验版本。接下来,我将根据这三种版本分别探讨人类基因治疗,部分依赖于文献中已经出现的针对这种做法的滑坡论证。我将论证,没有一个版本能够成立。逻辑版本主要失败是因为与论证支持者所声称的相反,在基因治疗的不同用途之间可以做出相关区分。经验版本失败是因为似乎没有证据支持这样的说法,即如果我们进行基因治疗,我们实际上会滑下斜坡;而且因为如果我们基于经验论证接受不应该允许基因治疗的结论,为了保持一致,我们将不得不对一般医疗保健进行非常深远且不受欢迎的调整。或者至少我将如此论证。

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