Walker Carol A
Harv Bus Rev. 2002 Apr;80(4):97-102, 126.
Most organizations promote employees into managerial positions based on their technical competence. But very often, that kind of competence does not translate into good managerial performance. Many rookie managers fail to grasp how their roles have changed: that their jobs are no longer about personal achievement but about enabling others to achieve, that sometimes driving the bus means taking a backseat, and that building a team is often more important than cutting a deal. Even the best employees have trouble adjusting to these new realities, and that trouble can be exacerbated by the normal insecurities that may make rookie managers hesitant to ask for help. The dynamic unfolds something like this: As rookie managers internalize their stress, their focus, too, becomes increasingly internal. They become insecure and self-focused and cannot properly support their teams. Invariably, trust breaks down, staff members become alienated, and productivity suffers. In this article, coach and management consultant Carol Walker, who works primarily with rookie managers and their supervisors, addresses the five problem areas that rookie managers typically face: delegating, getting support from senior staffers, projecting confidence, thinking strategically, and giving feedback. You may think these elements sound like Management 101, and you'd be right, Walker writes. But these basic elements are also what trip up most managers in the early stages of their careers (and even, she admits, throughout their careers). The bosses of rookie managers have a responsibility to anticipate and address these problems; not doing so will hurt the rookie, the boss, and the company overall.
大多数组织会根据员工的技术能力将其晋升到管理岗位。但很多时候,这种能力并不能转化为出色的管理绩效。许多新上任的经理未能理解他们的角色发生了怎样的变化:他们的工作不再是关乎个人成就,而是要促使他人取得成就;有时掌控局面意味着退居二线;组建团队往往比达成交易更重要。即使是最优秀的员工在适应这些新现实时也会遇到困难,而新经理可能因正常的不安全感而不愿寻求帮助,这会加剧这种困难。情况往往是这样发展的:随着新经理将压力内化,他们的关注点也越来越转向自身内部。他们变得缺乏安全感且以自我为中心,无法妥善支持自己的团队。信任必然会瓦解,员工会感到疏离,生产力也会受到影响。在本文中,主要与新经理及其上级合作的教练兼管理顾问卡罗尔·沃克探讨了新经理通常会面临的五个问题领域:授权、从资深员工那里获得支持、展现自信、进行战略思考以及给予反馈。沃克写道,你可能认为这些要素听起来像是管理学基础内容,你是对的。但这些基本要素也是大多数经理在职业生涯早期(她甚至承认,在整个职业生涯中)绊倒他们的原因。新经理的上级有责任预见并解决这些问题;不这样做将对新经理、上级以及整个公司造成损害。