Molnár Zoltán, Butler Ann B
Department of Human Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, England.
Bioessays. 2002 Jun;24(6):530-41. doi: 10.1002/bies.10100.
Most parts of the brain are conserved across reptiles and birds (sauropsids) and mammals. Two major qualitative differences occur in the upper part, or pallium, of the telencephalon, the most rostral part of the brain. Mammals have a six-layered neocortex and also exhibit a different morphological organization in the lateral half, or sector, of their pallium than do sauropsids. These differences of lateral pallial construction may derive from small but crucial differences in migration patterns of neuronal precursors generated at or above the corner of the lateral ventricle, the corticostriatal junction (CS). Sauropsids have a large structure, the dorsal ventricular ridge, that is proliferated from this region, and its anterior part (ADVR) receives ascending projections from the dorsal thalamus. Mammals have multiple structures in this same region-the lateral part of neocortex, amygdala, and claustrum-endopiriform formation. We propose here that, as the degree of development of structures that form the deeper tier of the pallium varies across the stages of embryology and across phylogeny, mutations may have occurred during evolution at the origin of mammals that had profound consequences for the fate of neural populations generated in the region of the CS and its neighboring pallial germinal zone.
大脑的大部分区域在爬行动物、鸟类（蜥形纲动物）和哺乳动物中是保守的。在端脑的上部，即大脑最前端的脑皮层，出现了两个主要的质的差异。哺乳动物有六层新皮层，并且在其脑皮层的外侧半部或区域，其形态组织也与蜥形纲动物不同。外侧脑皮层结构的这些差异可能源于在侧脑室拐角处或其上方产生的神经元前体迁移模式的微小但关键的差异，即皮质纹状体交界处（CS）。蜥形纲动物有一个大结构，即背侧脑室嵴，它从这个区域增殖而来，其前部（ADVR）接收来自背侧丘脑的上行投射。哺乳动物在同一区域有多个结构——新皮层的外侧部分、杏仁核和屏状核-内梨状形成。我们在此提出，由于构成脑皮层深层的结构的发育程度在胚胎学阶段和系统发育过程中有所不同，在哺乳动物起源时的进化过程中可能发生了突变，这些突变对在CS区域及其邻近脑皮层生发区产生的神经群体的命运产生了深远影响。
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