Neurological and neuropsychological outcome after SAH.

The fact that neurological status and physical integrity alone do not sufficiently assess the overall state of patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) gives rise to the necessity for complementary neuropsychological investigation. Neuropsychological work-up should also cover an emotional state, psychosocial adjustment and competence in everyday life of the patients. In our prospective study we investigated 82 patients three months and one year after SAH and early clipping of the aneurysm. For the evaluation of postoperative neurological functions the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used. For the neuropsychological assessment we used standardized measures of verbal and figural learning and memory, verbal and figural fluency, speed of information processing, visuospacial abilities and affective function. One year after SAH 95.6% of patients with Hunt&Hess Grade 1 and 2 on admission showed good neurological results (GOS 4 and 5). However, only 30.1% (18 of 63 patients with a favourable neurological outcome--GOS 4 and 5) did not show any neuropsychological deficit. Localization of the ruptured aneurysm significantly correlated with cognitive measures. The best cognitive outcome was shown in patients with aneurysms on the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) followed by posterior communicating artery (PCoA) and those located on the internal carotid artery (ICA) on the right side.