Control of fixation and saccades in humans with chronic lesions of oculomotor cortex.

To elucidate the dynamic interactions of cortical and subcortical oculomotor systems, the authors investigated reflexive and strategic control over fixation and saccades in patients with chronic unilateral lesions that involved either frontal or parietal cortex. They measured the effects of indicating the location of the forthcoming target and removing the fixation stimulus on the latencies of eye movements toward a peripheral visual target in 12 patients with frontal eye field (FEF) lesions, 9 patients with lesions restricted to parietal cortex, and 12 neurologically healthy controls. They found that chronic damage to FEF cortex disrupts cortico-collicular interactions, resulting in hypoactivity in the contralesional superior colliculus and a loss of strategic control over the intrinsic collicular circuits that regulate fixation.