Russell James P., Weenig Roger H.
Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2004 Apr;6(2):139-149. doi: 10.1007/s11936-004-0042-3.
Disorders associated with cutaneous vasculitis include numerous well-described etiologies. Primary cutaneous vasculitis limits discussion to primary leukocytoclastic vasculitis, essential mixed cryoglobulinemia, urticarial vasculitis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, and erythema elevatum diutinum. Although the therapeutics for these disorders are based on limited data, we attempt to construct a consensus opinion on the management of primary cutaneous vasculitis. Therapy of primary cutaneous vasculitis is indicated for symptomatic or systemic involvement, because cutaneous small vessel vasculitis is frequently a self-limited, single episodic disease. Conservative, symptomatic treatment includes leg elevation, warming, antihistamines, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. For mild recurrent disease, colchicine, dapsone, and prednisone are first-choice agents. Systemic or severe cutaneous disease requires more potent immunosuppression (eg, prednisone, azathioprine, or mycophenolate mofetil). Plasmapheresis/plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin are viable considerations for refractory disease, but are cumbersome and expensive modalities. There is insufficient evidence to advocate the use of new biological or monoclonal antibody therapies in primary cutaneous vasculitis.
与皮肤血管炎相关的疾病包括众多已被充分描述的病因。原发性皮肤血管炎将讨论范围限定为原发性白细胞破碎性血管炎、原发性混合性冷球蛋白血症、荨麻疹性血管炎、过敏性紫癜和持久性隆起性红斑。尽管针对这些疾病的治疗方法基于有限的数据,但我们试图就原发性皮肤血管炎的管理达成共识意见。原发性皮肤血管炎的治疗适用于有症状或全身性受累的情况,因为皮肤小血管血管炎通常是一种自限性的单次发作性疾病。保守的对症治疗包括抬高腿部、保暖、使用抗组胺药和非甾体类抗炎药。对于轻度复发性疾病,秋水仙碱、氨苯砜和泼尼松是首选药物。全身性或严重的皮肤疾病需要更强效的免疫抑制治疗(如泼尼松、硫唑嘌呤或霉酚酸酯)。血浆置换/血浆交换和静脉注射免疫球蛋白是治疗难治性疾病的可行选择,但这些方法繁琐且昂贵。没有足够的证据支持在原发性皮肤血管炎中使用新的生物制剂或单克隆抗体疗法。