射精频率与前列腺癌的后续风险。

Ejaculation frequency and subsequent risk of prostate cancer.

作者信息

Leitzmann Michael F, Platz Elizabeth A, Stampfer Meir J, Willett Walter C, Giovannucci Edward

机构信息

Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Md 20892, USA.

出版信息

JAMA. 2004 Apr 7;291(13):1578-86. doi: 10.1001/jama.291.13.1578.

DOI:10.1001/jama.291.13.1578

PMID:15069045

Abstract

CONTEXT

Sexual activity has been hypothesized to play a role in the development of prostate cancer, but epidemiological data are virtually limited to case-control studies, which may be prone to bias because recall among individuals with prostate cancer could be distorted as a consequence of prostate malignancy or ongoing therapy.

OBJECTIVE

To examine the association between ejaculation frequency, which includes sexual intercourse, nocturnal emission, and masturbation and risk of prostate cancer.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective study using follow-up data from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (February 1, 1992, through January 31, 2000) of 29 342 US men aged 46 to 81 years, who provided information on history of ejaculation frequency on a self-administered questionnaire in 1992 and responded to follow-up questionnaires every 2 years to 2000. Ejaculation frequency was assessed by asking participants to report the average number of ejaculations they had per month during the ages of 20 to 29 years, 40 to 49 years, and during the past year (1991).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE

Incidence of total prostate cancer.

RESULTS

During 222 426 person-years of follow-up, there were 1449 new cases of total prostate cancer, 953 organ-confined cases, and 147 advanced cases of prostate cancer. Most categories of ejaculation frequency were unrelated to risk of prostate cancer. However, high ejaculation frequency was related to decreased risk of total prostate cancer. The multivariate relative risks for men reporting 21 or more ejaculations per month compared with men reporting 4 to 7 ejaculations per month at ages 20 to 29 years were 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-1.10); ages 40 to 49 years, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.53-0.86); previous year, 0.49 (95% CI, 0.27-0.88); and averaged across a lifetime, 0.67 (95% CI, 0.51-0.89). Similar associations were observed for organ-confined prostate cancer. Ejaculation frequency was not statistically significantly associated with risk of advanced prostate cancer.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest that ejaculation frequency is not related to increased risk of prostate cancer.

摘要

背景

有假设认为性行为在前列腺癌的发生发展中起一定作用，但流行病学数据实际上仅限于病例对照研究，这类研究可能容易出现偏差，因为前列腺癌患者的回忆可能会因前列腺恶性肿瘤或正在进行的治疗而受到扭曲。

目的

研究射精频率（包括性交、梦遗和手淫）与前列腺癌风险之间的关联。

设计、地点和参与者：前瞻性研究，使用来自卫生专业人员随访研究（1992年2月1日至2000年1月31日）的随访数据，该研究涉及29342名年龄在46至81岁的美国男性，他们在1992年通过自行填写问卷提供了射精频率的历史信息，并在2000年之前每两年回复一次随访问卷。通过要求参与者报告他们在20至29岁、40至49岁以及过去一年（1991年）每月的平均射精次数来评估射精频率。

主要观察指标

前列腺癌的总发病率。

结果

在222426人年的随访期间，共有1449例前列腺癌新发病例，953例局限于器官的病例，以及147例晚期前列腺癌病例。大多数射精频率类别与前列腺癌风险无关。然而，高射精频率与前列腺癌总风险降低有关。与在20至29岁时每月射精4至7次的男性相比，每月射精21次或更多次的男性的多变量相对风险在20至29岁时为0.89（95%置信区间[CI]，0.73 - 1.10）；在40至49岁时为0.68（95%CI，0.53 - 0.86）；在前一年为0.49（95%CI，0.27 - 0.88）；一生平均为0.67（95%CI，0.51 - 0.89）。对于局限于器官的前列腺癌也观察到了类似的关联。射精频率与晚期前列腺癌风险在统计学上无显著关联。