青春期前儿童的内源性眨眼：与信息处理及表现的关系。

Endogenous eye blinks in preadolescents: relationship to information processing and performance.

作者信息

Pivik R T, Dykman R A

机构信息

Departmetnt of Psychology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 72202, USA.

出版信息

Biol Psychol. 2004 Jul;66(3):191-219. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2003.10.005.

DOI:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2003.10.005

PMID:15099694

Abstract

Endogenous blinks--those occurring without apparent provocation--are regulated in adults with respect to the presentation, cognitive loading, and response demands of stimuli. This investigation determined the extent to which similar regulatory and response-related relationships were evident in preadolescents during a visual continuous performance task (CPT). As in adults, increased blink incidence on task, longer blink deferral following stimuli with greater cognitive loading, and blink-facilitated motor responses to imperative stimuli were observed. Reaction times significantly decreased when the button press (BP) occurred near (+/- 200 ms) blink onset and increased across the task period on blink-free but not blink-associated trials. More blinks occurred before motor responses in females, and a reaction time (RT) advantage for males on blink-free trials was maintained across blink-associated conditions. From these results, an interpretation is developed arguing that endogenous blinks are a meaningful and integral component of sensory-motor processing, indexing times of facilitated attentional and motor response capability.

摘要

内源性眨眼——即那些无明显诱因出现的眨眼——在成年人中，会根据刺激的呈现、认知负荷和反应需求进行调节。本研究确定了在视觉持续操作任务（CPT）期间，类似的调节和反应相关关系在青春期前儿童中明显的程度。与成年人一样，观察到任务期间眨眼发生率增加、认知负荷较大的刺激后眨眼延迟时间更长，以及对命令性刺激的眨眼促进运动反应。当按键（BP）在眨眼开始附近（±200毫秒）出现时，反应时间显著缩短，并且在无眨眼试验的整个任务期间反应时间增加，但在与眨眼相关的试验中没有增加。女性在运动反应前出现更多眨眼，并且在无眨眼试验中男性的反应时间（RT）优势在与眨眼相关的条件下得以维持。基于这些结果，得出一种解释，认为内源性眨眼是感觉运动处理的一个有意义且不可或缺的组成部分，指示了注意力和运动反应能力增强的时间。