经验对强制选择和自由选择之间偏好的影响。
Effects of experience on preference between forced and free choice.
作者信息
Ono Koichi
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Komazawa University, 1-29-1 Komazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154-8525, Japan.
出版信息
J Exp Anal Behav. 2004 Jan;81(1):27-37. doi: 10.1901/jeab.2004.81-27.
Preference between forced choice and free choice in concurrent-chain schedules of reinforcement was investigated in pigeons after exposure to particular combinations of terminal links. In Experiment 1, in which terminal links always ended with reinforcers, one of three pairs of terminal links was arranged as preexposure: (a) both terminal links had only one key (forced choice), (b) both terminal links had two keys (free choice), or (c) a combination of forced and free choice was arranged across sessions. In test sessions following the preexposure, pigeons' preferences rapidly shifted to the terminal links with which they had no recent experience. In Experiment 2, the same procedure was repeated except that each terminal link ended intermittently with reinforcers with a probability of .5 and there was no terminal-link arrangement with a combination of free and forced choice. Pigeons showed the same preference changes as in Experiment 1, but the preference changes did not appear immediately at the beginning of test sessions. These data suggest that recent previous experience was a more important determinant of preference than the difference between forced-choice and free-choice terminal links.
在鸽子接触特定的终端链接组合后，研究了强化的并发链程序中强制选择和自由选择之间的偏好。在实验1中，终端链接总是以强化物结束，三对终端链接中的一对被安排为预暴露：（a）两个终端链接都只有一个按键（强制选择），（b）两个终端链接都有两个按键（自由选择），或者（c）在各实验阶段安排强制选择和自由选择的组合。在预暴露后的测试阶段，鸽子的偏好迅速转向它们最近没有体验过的终端链接。在实验2中，重复相同的程序，只是每个终端链接以概率0.5间歇性地以强化物结束，并且没有自由选择和强制选择组合的终端链接安排。鸽子表现出与实验1相同的偏好变化，但偏好变化在测试阶段开始时并没有立即出现。这些数据表明，近期的先前经验比强制选择和自由选择终端链接之间的差异更能决定偏好。
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