一般健康状况和社会文化变量对孕妇牙周状况的影响。

Sarlati Fatemeh, Akhondi Nasrin, Jahanbakhsh Nasim

Department of Periodontics, Dental Centre, Azad University of Iran.

J Int Acad Periodontol. 2004 Jul;6(3):95-100.

BACKGROUND

The influence of sociocultural variables, pre-existing conditions of general, oral and dental health and hormonal changes on periodontal status during pregnancy has been reported in some clinical studies and there has been speculation about the effects of these parameters on periodontal health during pregnancy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study evaluates the periodontal condition (plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level) of 140 pregnant women and its relationship to demographic (age, professional level and education) and clinical variables (previous pregnancy, gestation period, previous periodontal maintenance, previous live births and health status). All periodontal data were recorded by the same examiner. Statistical tests used were ANOVA, ANCOVA, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman's rank correlation. The level of statistical significance was established at p< or =0.05.

RESULTS

There were statistically significant differences between plaque index levels across educational level categories, the plaque index decreased as the level of education increased (p=0.0068). Clinical attachment loss was also significantly higher in patients not holding a salaried position (p=0.045). Plaque indexes were significantly higher in patients who did not have regular periodontal visits than in patients who did visit regularly (p=0.05). Differences between gingival index levels across different age categories were obvious, with gingival indexes increasing with age (p=0.014). There were strong positive correlations between gingival index and clinical attachment level (Rsp=0.76) and gingival index and probing pocket depth (Rsp=0.72).

CONCLUSIONS

The results of the present study suggest that there is an inverse relationship between education level and plaque index. Gingivitis due to accumulation of plaque was related to previous periodontal maintenance, age and education level. So it might be suggested that special government-supported education and behavioral modification programs of periodontal disease prevention for pregnant women is useful.

背景

一些临床研究报道了社会文化变量、全身、口腔和牙齿健康的既往状况以及激素变化对孕期牙周状况的影响，并且有人推测了这些参数对孕期牙周健康的作用。

材料与方法

本研究评估了140名孕妇的牙周状况（菌斑指数、牙龈指数、探诊深度和临床附着水平）及其与人口统计学变量（年龄、职业水平和教育程度）和临床变量（既往妊娠、妊娠期、既往牙周维护情况、既往活产次数和健康状况）之间的关系。所有牙周数据均由同一名检查者记录。所使用的统计检验方法包括方差分析、协方差分析、柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验、克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验和斯皮尔曼等级相关分析。统计学显著性水平设定为p≤0.05。

结果

不同教育程度类别之间的菌斑指数水平存在统计学显著差异，菌斑指数随着教育程度的提高而降低（p=0.0068）。无薪工作患者的临床附着丧失也显著更高（p=0.045）。未定期进行牙周检查的患者的菌斑指数显著高于定期检查的患者（p=0.05）。不同年龄类别之间的牙龈指数水平差异明显，牙龈指数随年龄增长而增加（p=0.014）。牙龈指数与临床附着水平（Rsp=0.76）以及牙龈指数与探诊深度（Rsp=0.72）之间存在强正相关。