Pecher Diane, Raaijmakers Jeroen
Psychology Department, University of Amsterdam, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Q J Exp Psychol A. 2004 Oct;57(7):1211-31. doi: 10.1080/02724980343000738.
In four experiments we investigated the context-dependent nature of semantic memory by looking at priming effects in animacy decision for newly formed associations. The first experiment investigated whether the priming effect depended on the nature of the prior relation between the word pairs. The results showed no such effect, replicating earlier findings. Experiments 2, 3, and 4 investigated the role of context overlap between study and test. In Experiment 2 priming for new associations was found only for word pairs that had been presented in the animacy decision task during study. Experiment 3 showed that in order to obtain priming effects for new associations these associations have to be studied in a study task that is aimed at unitized processing of the word pair at a semantic level. Experiment 4 showed that processing the pairs as separate words at an orthographic level cancelled the priming effect. The results are explained by assuming that priming results from the overlap of features that are activated during both study and test.
在四项实验中，我们通过观察新形成联想的动物性判断中的启动效应，研究了语义记忆的情境依赖性。第一个实验研究启动效应是否取决于词对之间先前关系的性质。结果未显示出此类效应，重复了早期的研究结果。实验2、3和4研究了学习和测试之间情境重叠的作用。在实验2中，仅在学习期间在动物性判断任务中呈现的词对中发现了对新联想的启动效应。实验3表明，为了获得对新联想的启动效应，这些联想必须在旨在对词对进行语义层面统一加工的学习任务中进行学习。实验4表明，在正字法层面将词对作为单独的单词进行加工会消除启动效应。这些结果的解释是假设启动效应源于学习和测试期间激活的特征的重叠。
