弓形虫病——一种水源性人畜共患病。

Toxoplasmosis - a waterborne zoonosis.

作者信息

Dubey J P

机构信息

Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, BARC-East, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.

出版信息

Vet Parasitol. 2004 Dec 9;126(1-2):57-72. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.09.005.

DOI:10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.09.005

PMID:15567579

Abstract

Humans become infected with Toxoplasma gondii mainly by ingesting uncooked meat containing viable tissue cysts or by ingesting food or water contaminated with oocysts from the feces of infected cats. Circumstantial evidence suggests that oocyst-induced infections in humans are clinically more severe than tissue cyst-acquired infections. Until recently, water-borne transmission of T. gondii was considered uncommon but a large human outbreak linked to contamination of a municipal water reservoir in Canada by wild felids and the widespread infection by marine mammals in the USA provide reasons to question this view. The present paper reviews information on the biology of oocyst-induced infections of T. gondii in humans and animals and examines possible importance of transmission by water.

摘要

人类主要通过摄入含有活组织包囊的未煮熟肉类，或摄入被感染猫粪便中的卵囊污染的食物或水而感染刚地弓形虫。间接证据表明，人类因卵囊引起的感染在临床上比因组织包囊获得的感染更为严重。直到最近，人们还认为刚地弓形虫通过水传播的情况并不常见，但加拿大一起与野生猫科动物污染城市水库相关的大规模人类疫情爆发，以及美国海洋哺乳动物的广泛感染，让人们有理由质疑这一观点。本文综述了有关刚地弓形虫卵囊引起的人类和动物感染生物学的信息，并探讨了水传播的潜在重要性。