尽管年轻农民中哮喘的患病率较低，但农民仍有患成人起病哮喘和与工作相关的喘息的高风险。

High risk of adult-onset asthma and work-related wheeze in farmers despite low prevalence of asthma in young farmers.

机构信息

Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

出版信息

Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2004 Nov;8(11):1285-91.

PMID:15581194

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To investigate risk factors for asthma in farmers.

METHODS

A questionnaire was sent to all farms (n = 2499) and to 2900 controls aged 19-65 years from the general population in the county of Uppsala. Sixty per cent of the farms (1514 men and 248 women) and 64% of the controls (900 men, 943 women) responded.

RESULTS

Only 13% of the male farmers had heredity for allergy compared to 24% of the controls, and fewer farmers were smokers. After adjusting for confounders, male farmers had a significantly lower prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma and nocturnal breathlessness than the controls (OR 0.75, 95%CI 0.57-0.98 and OR 0.61, 95%CI 0.44-0.84), but a significantly higher prevalence of work-related wheeze (OR 1.74, 95%CI 1.30-2.35). The risk for asthma increased with age in the farmers. Of male farmers with asthma, 70% had developed asthma after the age of 21, in contrast with only 30% of the asthmatic controls. The young female farmers had a high prevalence of asthma.

CONCLUSION

Male farmers have an increased risk of work-related wheeze and adult-onset asthma increasing with age despite a lower prevalence of asthma during childhood and young age than in the general population.

摘要

目的

研究农民哮喘的危险因素。

方法

向该县所有农场（n=2499）和年龄在 19-65 岁的一般人群中的 2900 名对照者发放问卷。60%的农场（男性 1514 人，女性 248 人）和 64%的对照者（男性 900 人，女性 943 人）做出了回应。

结果

只有 13%的男性农民有过敏遗传史，而对照组为 24%，且农民中的吸烟者较少。调整混杂因素后，男性农民患医生诊断的哮喘和夜间呼吸困难的患病率明显低于对照组（OR 0.75，95%CI 0.57-0.98 和 OR 0.61，95%CI 0.44-0.84），但与工作相关的喘息患病率明显较高（OR 1.74，95%CI 1.30-2.35）。农民中哮喘的风险随着年龄的增长而增加。在患有哮喘的男性农民中，70%的人在 21 岁以后才出现哮喘，而对照组中只有 30%的人出现哮喘。年轻的女性农民哮喘患病率很高。