Ohayon Maurice M, Carskadon Mary A, Guilleminault Christian, Vitiello Michael V
Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA.
Sleep. 2004 Nov 1;27(7):1255-73. doi: 10.1093/sleep/27.7.1255.
The purposes of this study were to identify age-related changes in objectively recorded sleep patterns across the human life span in healthy individuals and to clarify whether sleep latency and percentages of stage 1, stage 2, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep significantly change with age.
Review of literature of articles published between 1960 and 2003 in peer-reviewed journals and meta-analysis.
65 studies representing 3,577 subjects aged 5 years to 102 years.
The research reports included in this meta-analysis met the following criteria: (1) included nonclinical participants aged 5 years or older; (2) included measures of sleep characteristics by "all night" polysomnography or actigraphy on sleep latency, sleep efficiency, total sleep time, stage 1 sleep, stage 2 sleep, slow-wave sleep, REM sleep, REM latency, or minutes awake after sleep onset; (3) included numeric presentation of the data; and (4) were published between 1960 and 2003 in peer-reviewed journals.
In children and adolescents, total sleep time decreased with age only in studies performed on school days. Percentage of slow-wave sleep was significantly negatively correlated with age. Percentages of stage 2 and REM sleep significantly changed with age. In adults, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, percentage of slow-wave sleep, percentage of REM sleep, and REM latency all significantly decreased with age, while sleep latency, percentage of stage 1 sleep, percentage of stage 2 sleep, and wake after sleep onset significantly increased with age. However, only sleep efficiency continued to significantly decrease after 60 years of age. The magnitudes of the effect sizes noted changed depending on whether or not studied participants were screened for mental disorders, organic diseases, use of drug or alcohol, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, or other sleep disorders.
In adults, it appeared that sleep latency, percentages of stage 1 and stage 2 significantly increased with age while percentage of REM sleep decreased. However, effect sizes for the different sleep parameters were greatly modified by the quality of subject screening, diminishing or even masking age associations with different sleep parameters. The number of studies that examined the evolution of sleep parameters with age are scant among school-aged children, adolescents, and middle-aged adults. There are also very few studies that examined the effect of race on polysomnographic sleep parameters.
本研究旨在确定健康个体在整个生命周期中客观记录的睡眠模式的年龄相关变化，并阐明睡眠潜伏期、1期、2期和快速眼动（REM）睡眠百分比是否随年龄显著变化。
对1960年至2003年间发表在同行评审期刊上的文章进行文献综述和荟萃分析。
65项研究，代表3577名年龄在5岁至102岁之间的受试者。
纳入本荟萃分析的研究报告符合以下标准：（1）纳入5岁及以上的非临床参与者；（2）通过“整夜”多导睡眠图或活动记录仪测量睡眠潜伏期、睡眠效率、总睡眠时间、1期睡眠、2期睡眠、慢波睡眠、REM睡眠、REM潜伏期或睡眠开始后清醒分钟数等睡眠特征；（3）包含数据的数字呈现；（4）于1960年至2003年间发表在同行评审期刊上。
在儿童和青少年中，仅在上学日进行的研究中，总睡眠时间随年龄下降。慢波睡眠百分比与年龄显著负相关。2期和REM睡眠百分比随年龄显著变化。在成年人中，总睡眠时间、睡眠效率、慢波睡眠百分比、REM睡眠百分比和REM潜伏期均随年龄显著下降，而睡眠潜伏期、1期睡眠百分比、2期睡眠百分比和睡眠开始后清醒时间随年龄显著增加。然而，只有睡眠效率在60岁后继续显著下降。观察到的效应大小因研究参与者是否筛查精神障碍、器质性疾病、药物或酒精使用、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征或其他睡眠障碍而有所不同。
在成年人中，睡眠潜伏期、1期和2期百分比似乎随年龄显著增加，而REM睡眠百分比下降。然而，不同睡眠参数的效应大小因受试者筛查质量而有很大改变，削弱甚至掩盖了年龄与不同睡眠参数之间的关联。在学龄儿童、青少年和中年成年人中，研究睡眠参数随年龄变化的研究数量很少。研究种族对多导睡眠图睡眠参数影响的研究也非常少。
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