Perfect John R
Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Oncology (Williston Park). 2004 Nov;18(13 Suppl 7):15-23.
Considering the significant morbidity and mortality associated with invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients, it is particularly important to make the diagnosis as early as possible and to make best use of the available antifungal drugs for prophylaxis and treatment. The newer antifungal drugs include the lipid products of amphotericin B, such as amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) and liposomal amphotericin B; voriconazole (a triazole); and caspofungin (an echinocandin). ABLC and liposomal amphotericin B are as effective as amphotericin B deoxycholate but are less nephrotoxic; ABLC is probably the drug of choice for zygomycosis. Voriconazole is approved for use in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and may have a role in preventing breakthrough fungal infections in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia. Caspofungin is effective against both invasive aspergillosis and invasive candidiasis.
鉴于免疫功能低下患者侵袭性真菌感染会导致严重的发病率和死亡率,尽早做出诊断并充分利用现有的抗真菌药物进行预防和治疗尤为重要。新型抗真菌药物包括两性霉素B的脂质制剂,如两性霉素B脂质复合体(ABLC)和脂质体两性霉素B;伏立康唑(一种三唑类药物);以及卡泊芬净(一种棘白菌素类药物)。ABLC和脂质体两性霉素B与去氧胆酸盐两性霉素B疗效相当,但肾毒性较小;ABLC可能是治疗接合菌病的首选药物。伏立康唑已被批准用于治疗侵袭性曲霉病,在预防持续发热和中性粒细胞减少患者的突破性真菌感染方面可能有作用。卡泊芬净对侵袭性曲霉病和侵袭性念珠菌病均有效。