新西兰的阿片类药物中毒死亡情况（2001 - 2002年）。

Opioid poisoning deaths in New Zealand (2001-2002).

作者信息

Reith David, Fountain John, Tilyard Murray

机构信息

Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

出版信息

N Z Med J. 2005 Feb 11;118(1209):U1293.

PMID:15711626

Abstract

AIM

To investigate the rates of opioid deaths in New Zealand relative to the utilisation of opioids.

METHODS

Deaths from opioid poisonings for New Zealand from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2002 were identified from chemical injury cases that are routinely collected for surveillance purposes by the Institute of Environmental Science and Research from the Coronial Services Office in Wellington. Prescriptions for medicines containing morphine, methadone, and dextropropoxyphene were identified from the PharmHouse database from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2002.

RESULTS

There were 92 poisoning deaths involving opioids: morphine in 33, methadone in 31, dextropropoxyphene in 16, and codeine/dihydrocodeine in 12. The rate (95% CI) of deaths per 100,000 prescriptions was 5.94 (4.09 to 8.34) for morphine, 1.34 (0.91 to 1.91) for methadone, and 2.5 (1.45 to 4.12) for dextropropoxyphene. The rate of deaths (95% CI) per 1,000,000 defined daily doses was 0.94 (0.65 to 1.32) for morphine, 0.40 (0.27 to 0.56) for methadone, and 0.14 (0.08 to 0.22) for dextropropoxyphene.

CONCLUSIONS

Restrictions in the availability of dextropropoxyphene, and increased monitoring of prescription and dispensing of methadone, should be considered in order to reduce deaths due to opioids in New Zealand.

摘要

目的

调查新西兰阿片类药物死亡发生率与阿片类药物使用情况的关系。

方法

从环境科学与研究所在惠灵顿验尸官办公室为监测目的而常规收集的化学伤害病例中，确定2001年1月1日至2002年12月31日期间新西兰阿片类药物中毒死亡情况。从PharmHouse数据库中确定2001年1月1日至2002年12月31日期间含吗啡、美沙酮和右丙氧芬药品的处方。

结果

有92例涉及阿片类药物的中毒死亡：吗啡33例，美沙酮31例，右丙氧芬16例，可待因/双氢可待因12例。每100,000张处方的死亡率（95%置信区间）：吗啡为5.94（4.09至8.34），美沙酮为1.34（0.91至1.91），右丙氧芬为2.5（1.45至4.12）。每1,000,000限定日剂量的死亡率（95%置信区间）：吗啡为0.94（0.65至1.32），美沙酮为0.40（0.27至0.56），右丙氧芬为0.14（0.08至0.22）。