关于尼日利亚西南部护士对出牙问题认知的照片海报评估。

Bankole O O, Aderinokun G A, Denloye O O

Department of Preventive Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Public Health. 2005 Apr;119(4):276-82. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2004.05.019.

BACKGROUND

Health problems commonly associated with the eruption of teeth in babies continue to pose problems in Nigeria. Even nurses who should be well informed have misconceived views. In order to enlighten mothers and healthcare workers on this issue, a photo-poster was developed as a health-education tool. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the poster, displayed in the workplace for 18 months, on the knowledge, attitude and reported practice of nurses. The study also aimed to assess the outcome of the inclusion of the photo-poster in training materials in a workshop setting.

METHODS

The study was conducted in two parts. In the first part, 542 nurses working in children's units within the city of Ibadan, South-western Nigeria were selected using a stratified sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to gather information on their perceptions of teething problems at baseline. Photo-posters were displayed in the nurses' workplaces for 18 months, and a follow-up survey was conducted using the same questionnaire. In the second part of the study, two groups of nurses (n = 21 and n = 18 nurses) working in similar healthcare facilities in Ibadan participated in two separate workshops. One workshop used the photo-poster in addition to the standard educational materials, and the other workshop did not. Percentage differences between pre- and postintervention responses to perceived health problems were calculated. Intervention effects were the differences between the percentage changes in the intervention (with poster) and comparison (without poster) groups. Statistical differences were determined by Chi-squared test or one-tailed t-test, as appropriate.

RESULTS

Five hundred and forty-two nurses (519 female and 23 male) completed the questionnaire survey at baseline and 403 (371 female and 32 male) at follow-up. Their ages ranged between 23 and 56 years, with the greatest percentage aged 25-40 years. At baseline, many respondents indicated that several of the listed health problems were a consequence of tooth eruption. After exposure to the posters at their workplace for 18 months, there were slight changes in their opinions but most were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The use of posters in a workshop setting revealed percentage changes ranging from -11 to 61% for the different associated health problems. Many of these changes were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Displaying photo-posters in the workplace did little to change nurses' perceptions of teething problems; the posters had more influence when they were used in an instructional, interactive atmosphere. It is recommended that the use of photo-posters in health education for such culturally entrenched health issues should be accompanied by discussion of the same subject wherever possible.

背景

在尼日利亚，与婴儿出牙相关的健康问题仍然存在。即使是本应消息灵通的护士也存在误解。为了让母亲和医护人员了解这个问题，制作了一张照片海报作为健康教育工具。本研究的目的是评估在工作场所展示18个月的海报对护士的知识、态度和报告的实践的影响。该研究还旨在评估在研讨会环境中将照片海报纳入培训材料的效果。

方法

该研究分两部分进行。在第一部分中，采用分层抽样技术，选取了尼日利亚西南部伊巴丹市儿童病房工作的542名护士。使用问卷收集她们在基线时对出牙问题的看法。照片海报在护士工作场所展示18个月，并使用相同问卷进行后续调查。在研究的第二部分，两组在伊巴丹类似医疗设施工作的护士（分别为21名和18名护士）参加了两个单独的研讨会。一个研讨会除了标准教育材料外还使用了照片海报，另一个研讨会未使用。计算干预前后对感知到的健康问题的回答的百分比差异。干预效果是干预组（有海报）和对照组（无海报）百分比变化之间的差异。根据情况，通过卡方检验或单尾t检验确定统计学差异。

结果

542名护士（519名女性和23名男性）在基线时完成了问卷调查，403名（371名女性和32名男性）在随访时完成。他们的年龄在23至56岁之间，年龄最大的百分比在25至40岁之间。在基线时，许多受访者表示，列出的几个健康问题是出牙的结果。在工作场所接触海报18个月后，他们的意见有轻微变化，但大多数无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在研讨会环境中使用海报显示，不同相关健康问题的百分比变化范围为-11%至61%。其中许多变化具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。