Lukassen Jennifer, Beaudet Marie P
Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ont., Canada K1A 0T6.
Soc Sci Med. 2005 Oct;61(8):1658-67. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.03.019.
This article describes the prevalence of heavy drinking among the Canadian population and the prevalence of alcohol dependence among heavy drinkers aged 18 or older. It also examines the association of depression to alcohol dependence among the latter group and the correlates of depression and alcohol dependence comorbidity. The data are from a national representative sample of the Canadian population in 2000/01. One in five current drinkers aged 18 or older was classified as a regular heavy drinker. This constituted a significant increase of approximately 2% in the prevalence of heavy drinking from 1996/97 to 2000/01 in Canada (p<0.001). Although men were more likely to be regular heavy drinkers (29.0%) than women (11.1%), male and female heavy drinkers were about equally as likely to be classified as alcohol dependent (11.6% and 11.1%, respectively). While the prevalence of alcohol dependence among men has remained stable, it has decreased by almost 4% among women (p<0.05). Among persons who have experienced a depressive episode in the year prior to their 2000/01 interview, the prevalence of alcohol dependence was estimated at 32.3% while it was 9.5% for persons without depression. When several indicators believed to be risk factors for alcohol dependence including personal characteristics, psychosocial factors, lifestyle behaviours and physical health were included in the logistic regression models, the marked difference in alcohol dependence among depressed and non-depressed heavy drinkers remained. The former had 3.6 times the odds of being classified as alcohol dependent compared to the latter (CI=2.9, 4.3). When the same personal, psychosocial, lifestyle and physical health measures were used to explain comorbidity of depression and alcohol dependence, perceived stress was the only factor that was consistently associated with comorbidity among both men and women.
本文描述了加拿大人口中重度饮酒的流行情况以及18岁及以上重度饮酒者中酒精依赖的流行情况。它还研究了后一组人群中抑郁症与酒精依赖的关联以及抑郁症和酒精依赖共病的相关因素。数据来自2000/01年加拿大人口的全国代表性样本。18岁及以上的当前饮酒者中，五分之一被归类为经常重度饮酒者。这表明加拿大重度饮酒的流行率从1996/97年到2000/01年显著增加了约2%（p<0.001）。尽管男性比女性更有可能成为经常重度饮酒者（分别为29.0%和11.1%），但男性和女性重度饮酒者被归类为酒精依赖的可能性大致相同（分别为11.6%和11.1%）。虽然男性中酒精依赖的流行率保持稳定，但女性中该流行率下降了近4%（p<0.05）。在2000/01年访谈前一年经历过抑郁发作的人群中，酒精依赖的流行率估计为32.3%，而无抑郁症的人群中这一比例为9.5%。当逻辑回归模型纳入多个被认为是酒精依赖风险因素的指标，包括个人特征、心理社会因素、生活方式行为和身体健康时，抑郁和非抑郁重度饮酒者在酒精依赖方面的显著差异仍然存在。与后者相比，前者被归类为酒精依赖的几率是后者的3.6倍（置信区间=2.9, 4.3）。当使用相同的个人、心理社会、生活方式和身体健康指标来解释抑郁症和酒精依赖的共病情况时，感知压力是唯一在男性和女性中都始终与共病相关的因素。
