Rodin S N, Parkhomchuk D V, Riggs A D
Department of Theoretical Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2005 May;70(5):559-67. doi: 10.1007/s10541-005-0149-5.
Consideration of epigenetic silencing, perhaps by DNA methylation, led to an epigenetic complementation (EC) model for evolution by gene duplication (Rodin and Riggs (2003) J. Mol. Evol., 56, 718-729). This and subsequent work on genome-wide analyses of gene duplicates in several eukaryotic species pointed to a fundamental link between localization in the genome, epigenetic regulation of expression, and the evolutionary fate of new redundant gene copies, which can be either non- or neo-functionalization. Our main message in this report is that repositioning of a new duplicate to an ectopic site epigenetically alters its expression pattern, and concomitantly the rate and direction of mutations. Furthermore, comparison of syntenic vs. non-syntenic pairs of gene duplicates of different age unambiguously indicates that repositioning saves redundant gene duplicates from pseudogenization and hastens their evolution towards a new development-time and tissue-specific pattern of function.
对表观遗传沉默（可能是通过DNA甲基化）的思考，引出了一个关于基因复制进化的表观遗传互补（EC）模型（Rodin和Riggs，2003年，《分子进化杂志》，56卷，718 - 729页）。这项研究以及随后对几种真核生物物种中基因重复序列进行全基因组分析的工作表明，基因在基因组中的定位、表达的表观遗传调控以及新的冗余基因拷贝的进化命运之间存在着根本联系，这些新拷贝可能会发生非功能化或新功能化。我们在本报告中的主要观点是，新复制基因重新定位到异位位点会在表观遗传上改变其表达模式，并随之改变突变的速率和方向。此外，对不同年龄的同线与非同线基因重复序列对进行比较，明确表明重新定位可使冗余基因重复序列免于假基因化，并加速它们朝着新的发育时间和组织特异性功能模式进化。
