军事飞行人员佩戴的隐形眼镜和矫正视力的飞行眼镜——对飞行安全的影响

Partner Andrew M, Scott Robert A H, Shaw Penny, Coker William J

Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, University Hospital Birmingham, Selly Oak Hospital, Birmingham, UK.

Aviat Space Environ Med. 2005 Jul;76(7):661-5.

BACKGROUND

Refractive devices used by aviators need to suit the aerospace environment or their failure can have serious implications. A relatively minor visual disability can result in loss of life and aircraft. We surveyed commonly occurring problems with the different types of refractive correction worn by Royal Air Force (RAF) aircrew over the previous 12 mo. We also asked if they had experienced any flight safety incidents (FSI) relating to their refractive correction.

METHODS

A retrospective anonymous questionnaire survey was given to 700 active aircrew occupationally graded as requiring corrective flying spectacles (CFS) or contact lenses (CL) for flying.

RESULTS

63% (443) of the questionnaires were completed. CL were worn by 53% of aircrew; 71% of them used daily disposable CL. CFS were worn by the remaining 47% of aircrew, 14% of whom used multifocal lenses. Of CFS wearers, 83% reported problems including misting, moving, discomfort, and conflict with helmet-mounted devices (HMD). CL-related ocular symptoms were reported in 67% of wearers including cloudy vision, dry eye, photophobia, red eyes, excessive mucus formation, CL movement, itching, and grittiness. No CL-related FSI were reported over the previous 12 mo compared with 5% CFS-related FSI (p < 0.001). The graded performance of CL for vision, comfort, handling, convenience, and overall satisfaction was significantly higher than for CFS.

CONCLUSION

CFS are associated with problems in terms of comfort and safety. CL are well tolerated by aircrew, and deliver improved visual performance.

背景

飞行员使用的屈光矫正设备需要适应航空航天环境，否则其故障可能会产生严重影响。相对轻微的视力障碍可能导致人员伤亡和飞机损失。我们调查了英国皇家空军（RAF）空勤人员在过去12个月中佩戴的不同类型屈光矫正器常见的问题。我们还询问了他们是否经历过与屈光矫正相关的飞行安全事件（FSI）。

方法

对700名现役空勤人员进行了一项回顾性匿名问卷调查，这些人员职业分级为飞行时需要佩戴矫正飞行眼镜（CFS）或隐形眼镜（CL）。

结果

63%（443份）问卷完成。53%的空勤人员佩戴CL；其中71%使用日抛型CL。其余47%的空勤人员佩戴CFS，其中14%使用多焦点镜片。在佩戴CFS的人员中，83%报告了包括起雾、移位、不适以及与头盔-mounted设备（HMD）冲突等问题。67%的佩戴CL人员报告了与CL相关的眼部症状，包括视物模糊、干眼、畏光、眼红、过多黏液形成、CL移位、瘙痒和异物感。在过去12个月中，未报告与CL相关的FSI，而与CFS相关的FSI为5%（p<0.001）。CL在视力、舒适度、操作、便利性和总体满意度方面的分级表现明显高于CFS。