[The child with dyspnoea].

Acute dyspnoea is one of the most frequent paediatric emergencies in clinical practice. The anatomy of paediatric airways is different from that of adults. This explains the domination of upper airway diseases as causes of acute respiratory insufficiency in small children. The most common causes for acute dyspnoea in this age group represent Croupsyndrom, foreign body aspiration and epiglottitis. A careful history and physical examination usually provides valuable guidance in the evaluation of the child with acute dyspnoea. Prompt recognition and appropriate treatment of imminent respiratory insufficiency are criticalfor excellent prognosis and will minimise the risk of long-term complications.