Scholz W G, Rougé P, Bódalo A, Leitz U
W2O Environment, Queen's Park, 58 Cecil Road, NN2 6PQ, Northampton, United Kingdom.
Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Nov 1;39(21):8505-11. doi: 10.1021/es050330p.
A limiting factor for the reuse and recycling of treated tannery wastewater for irrigation and other uses is the high salt content, which persists even after conventional treatment. Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane treatment has been shown to significantly reduce the salt contents of tannery effluents. However, the high organic content of tannery effluent leads to rapid scaling and biofouling of RO membranes with a consequent reduction in flux rates and performance. Membrane bioreactors (MBR) have been shown to be highly effective in the removal of organic pollutants and suspended solids from tannery effluent. This research investigated the use of a combined MBR and RO treatment process to treat tannery effluents to an acceptable level for irrigation purposes. The MBR was operated at 17-20 h retention time, at a F/M ratio of 0.52 kg COD x kg SS(-1) x day(-1) and a volumetric loading rate of 3.28 kg COD x m(-3) x day(-1). This treatment reduced the COD, BOD, and ammonia concentrations of the effluent by 90-100%. The MBR was shown to be an excellent pretreatment prior to RO technology, due to the high removal efficiency of organic compounds and suspended solids, with average concentrations of 344 mg x L(-1) COD and 20 mg x L(-1) BOD achieved in the permeate. RO treatment reduced the salt content of the MBR permeate by up to 97.1%. The results of the research demonstrated that the MBR system developed was appropriate for the treatment of tannery effluents and, in combination with the RO treatment, reduced the salt content to acceptable levels for irrigation. The MBR pretreatment reduced bio-fouling and scaling of subsequent RO treatment and improved the overall performance of the RO unit. It is believed that this is the first investigation of a combined MBR and RO treatment for tannery effluents. This research provided data for an outline design of a full-scale MBR and RO plant with a treatment capacity of 5000 m3 per day for mixed tannery effluents.
制革废水经处理后用于灌溉及其他用途时，其回用和循环利用的一个限制因素是含盐量高，即便经过常规处理后盐分依然存在。反渗透（RO）膜处理已被证明能显著降低制革废水的含盐量。然而，制革废水的高有机含量会导致RO膜迅速结垢和生物污染，进而使通量率和性能下降。膜生物反应器（MBR）已被证明在去除制革废水中的有机污染物和悬浮固体方面非常有效。本研究调查了采用MBR和RO组合处理工艺将制革废水处理至可用于灌溉的合格水平。MBR在停留时间为17 - 20小时、F/M比为0.52 kg COD·kg SS⁻¹·天⁻¹、体积负荷率为3.28 kg COD·m⁻³·天⁻¹的条件下运行。该处理使废水的COD、BOD和氨浓度降低了90% - 100%。由于MBR对有机化合物和悬浮固体的去除效率高，其渗透液中COD平均浓度为344 mg·L⁻¹，BOD平均浓度为20 mg·L⁻¹，因此MBR被证明是RO技术之前的一种出色预处理工艺。RO处理使MBR渗透液的含盐量降低了高达97.1%。研究结果表明，所开发的MBR系统适用于处理制革废水，并且与RO处理相结合可将含盐量降低至可用于灌溉的合格水平。MBR预处理减少了后续RO处理中的生物污染和结垢现象，提高了RO装置的整体性能。据信，这是首次对制革废水采用MBR和RO组合处理进行的研究。本研究为日处理能力为5000立方米的混合制革废水的全规模MBR和RO工厂的初步设计提供了数据。
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