Kuntsche Emmanuel, Knibbe Ronald, Gmel Gerhard, Engels Rutger
Research Department, Swiss Institute for the Prevention of Alcohol and Drug Problems (SIPA), PO Box 870, 1001 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Addict Behav. 2006 Oct;31(10):1844-57. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.12.028. Epub 2006 Feb 7.
The aim was to review the empirical research carried out over the last 15 years on the characteristics of young people (10- to 25-year olds) who have specific motives for drinking. In a computer-assisted search of relevant literature, 82 studies were identified. Concerning demographic factors, a developmental trend was found - from general, undifferentiated drinking motives in late childhood and early adolescence to more gender-specific drinking motives in subsequent years. With regard to personality factors, two specific patterns can be distinguished: extraversion and sensation-seeking correlate with enhancement motives, while neuroticism and anxiety correlate most strongly with coping motives. For contextual factors, drinking motives were found to vary across countries but not among different ethnic groups in the same culture. Based on these results, preventive strategies should take into account general, undifferentiated drinking motivation in late childhood, and social and enhancement motives in adolescence, particularly among boys. Findings on personality indicate that it would be useful to focus on extraverted, sensation-seeking boys who drink for enhancement motives and neurotic, anxious girls who drink for coping motives.
目的是回顾过去15年里针对有特定饮酒动机的年轻人（10至25岁）的特征所开展的实证研究。通过计算机辅助检索相关文献，共识别出82项研究。关于人口统计学因素，发现了一种发展趋势——从童年晚期和青春期早期普遍的、无差异的饮酒动机，到随后几年更具性别特异性的饮酒动机。关于人格因素，可以区分出两种特定模式：外向性和寻求刺激与增强动机相关，而神经质和焦虑与应对动机的相关性最强。对于情境因素，发现饮酒动机在不同国家有所不同，但在同一文化中的不同种族群体之间并无差异。基于这些结果，预防策略应考虑童年晚期普遍的、无差异的饮酒动机，以及青少年时期的社交和增强动机，尤其是在男孩中。人格方面的研究结果表明，关注那些为增强动机而饮酒的外向、寻求刺激的男孩，以及为应对动机而饮酒的神经质、焦虑的女孩可能会有所帮助。
