Nokleby Hanne
Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2006 Feb;6(1):9-13. doi: 10.1007/s11882-006-0003-x.
The incidence of anaphylactic or severe allergic reactions to vaccines is very low, less than one case per million vaccine doses. Larger studies from later years report no deaths. The cause of the reaction is usually not the immunizing antigen itself, but rather some other vaccine ingredient such as egg protein from the production process or gelatin added as a stabilizer. Most people with egg allergy can be vaccinated without any reaction. Vasovagal reactions with or without hyperventilation are common after vaccination. They can be rather dramatic and are often mistaken for anaphylactic reactions. Correct diagnosis is important in making it possible to vaccinate those who might otherwise run the risk of serious infections.
疫苗引起过敏或严重过敏反应的发生率非常低,每百万剂疫苗中发生不到一例。近年来规模更大的研究报告称没有死亡病例。反应的原因通常不是免疫抗原本身,而是一些其他疫苗成分,如生产过程中的鸡蛋蛋白或作为稳定剂添加的明胶。大多数对鸡蛋过敏的人接种疫苗后不会有任何反应。接种疫苗后,伴有或不伴有换气过度的血管迷走神经反应很常见。它们可能相当剧烈,常常被误认为是过敏反应。正确诊断对于让那些可能有严重感染风险的人能够接种疫苗至关重要。