人类观察：由与强化相关但与消退无关的刺激维持。
Human observing: Maintained by stimuli correlated with reinforcement but not extinction.
出版信息
J Exp Anal Behav. 1983 Sep;40(2):193-210. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1983.40-193.
Abstract
College students received points exchangeable for money (reinforcement) on a variable-time 60-second schedule that alternated randomly with an extinction component. Subjects were informed that responding would not influence either the rate or distribution of reinforcement. Instead, presses on either of two levers ("observing responses") produced stimuli. In each of four experiments, stimuli positively correlated with reinforcement and/or stimuli uncorrelated with reinforcement were each chosen over stimuli correlated with extinction. These results are consistent with prior results from pigeons in supporting the conditioned-reinforcement hypothesis of observing and in not supporting the uncertainty-reduction hypothesis.
摘要
大学生在一个可变时 60 秒的时间表上获得可兑换金钱的积分（强化物），该时间表与消退成分随机交替。实验对象被告知，反应不会影响强化的速度或分布。相反，按压两个杠杆中的任意一个（“观察反应”）会产生刺激。在四个实验中的每一个中，与强化物正相关的刺激和/或与强化物不相关的刺激都被选择为与消退相关的刺激。这些结果与先前在鸽子身上得到的结果一致，支持了观察的条件强化假设，而不支持不确定性减少假设。
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