Endeshaw Tekola, Mohammed Hussein, Woldemichael Tilahun
Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P.O Box 124, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Ethiop Med J. 2004 Jul;42(3):195-8.
The occurrence of intestinal parasites in patients referred to the Parasitology Laboratory of the Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), was recorded for four consecutive years, 1998-2001. Based on the stool appearance i.e. watery, loose, muciod and bloody, 442 diarrhoeal samples were particularly selected to allow diagnosis of intestinal parasites with emphasis on coccidian intestinal parasites. Wet saline mounts and formol ether concentration method with logul's iodine were performed for the detection of cysts, ova, trophozoites and larvae of intestinal parasites. Modified Ziehel Nelseen staining of stool smears was used to identify Cryptosporidum parvum and Isospora belli. The overall detection rate was 79.4% (351/442). The spectrum of positivity with any protozoa was 54.3% (240/442) and helminthes 25.1% (111/442). Cryptosporidium parvum was identified in 92/442 (20.8%). Isopora belli was identified among 35/442 (7.9%): Entamoeba histolytica/dispar scored second with positivity rate of 17.0% (75/442) and Giardia lamblia was found in 38/442 (8.6%) stool samples. As compared to protozoan parasites, detection rate with helminthes was very low. Among the helminthes. Strongyloides stercoralis was found in 38/442 (8.6%). This information strengthens the importance of intestinal protozoan parasites with recognition of the opportunistic parasites as major causes of diarrhoea. Their role in HIV/AIDS patients cannot be over-emphasized. Further awareness for the need of establishing different parasitological techniques at health service giving centers would enhance better understanding and management of diarrhoeal illness.
1998年至2001年连续四年记录了转诊至埃塞俄比亚健康与营养研究所（EHNRI）寄生虫学实验室的患者肠道寄生虫感染情况。根据粪便外观，即水样、稀便、黏液便和血便，特别挑选了442份腹泻样本，以便诊断肠道寄生虫，重点是球虫性肠道寄生虫。采用湿盐水涂片法和卢戈氏碘液甲醛乙醚浓缩法检测肠道寄生虫的包囊、虫卵、滋养体和幼虫。粪便涂片改良齐-尼氏染色用于鉴定微小隐孢子虫和贝氏等孢球虫。总体检出率为79.4%（351/442）。任何原生动物的阳性率为54.3%（240/442），蠕虫为25.1%（111/442）。在442份样本中有92份（20.8%）鉴定出微小隐孢子虫。在442份样本中有35份（7.9%）鉴定出贝氏等孢球虫；溶组织内阿米巴/迪斯帕位居第二，阳性率为17.0%（75/442），在442份粪便样本中有38份（8.6%）发现蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫。与原生动物寄生虫相比，蠕虫的检出率非常低。在蠕虫中，粪类圆线虫在442份样本中有38份（8.6%）被发现。这些信息强化了肠道原生动物寄生虫的重要性，认识到机会性寄生虫是腹泻的主要原因。它们在艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者中的作用再怎么强调也不为过。进一步认识到在卫生服务提供中心建立不同寄生虫学技术的必要性，将有助于更好地理解和管理腹泻疾病。
