无意识语义启动在缺乏部分意识的情况下。

Unconscious semantic priming in the absence of partial awareness.

作者信息

Abrams Richard L, Grinspan Jessica

机构信息

Psychology Department, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA 17013, USA.

出版信息

Conscious Cogn. 2007 Dec;16(4):942-53; discussion 954-8. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2006.07.003. Epub 2006 Sep 20.

DOI:10.1016/j.concog.2006.07.003

PMID:16990014

Abstract

In a recent paper in Psychological Science, Kouider and Dupoux reported obtaining unconscious Stroop priming only when subjects had partial awareness of the masked distractor words (i.e., could consciously perceive subword features that enabled reconstruction of whole words). Kouider and Dupoux conjectured that semantic priming occurs only when such partial awareness is present. The present experiments tested this conjecture in an affective categorization priming task that differed from Kouider and Dupoux's in using masked distractors that subjects had practiced earlier as visible words. Experiment 1 showed priming from practiced words when subjects had no partial awareness of those words. Experiment 2 showed that, in the absence of partial awareness, practiced words yielded priming but not-practiced words did not. Experiment 3 corroborated Experiment 1 and 2s results using a different test of partial awareness. These results suggest that unconscious processing (rather than partial awareness) of subword elements drives masked semantic priming by practiced words.

摘要

在《心理科学》最近发表的一篇论文中，库伊德和迪普克斯报告称，只有当受试者对掩蔽干扰词有部分意识时（即能够有意识地感知到能够重建整个单词的子词特征），才会获得无意识的斯特鲁普启动效应。库伊德和迪普克斯推测，语义启动效应只有在存在这种部分意识时才会发生。本实验在一个情感分类启动任务中对这一推测进行了测试，该任务与库伊德和迪普克斯的实验不同，使用的掩蔽干扰词是受试者之前作为可见词练习过的。实验1表明，当受试者对那些单词没有部分意识时，练习过的单词会产生启动效应。实验2表明，在没有部分意识的情况下，练习过的单词会产生启动效应，而未练习过的单词则不会。实验3使用了一种不同的部分意识测试方法，证实了实验1和2的结果。这些结果表明，子词元素的无意识加工（而非部分意识）驱动了练习过的单词产生的掩蔽语义启动效应。