Donovan Dennis M, Wells Elizabeth A
Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
Addiction. 2007 Apr;102 Suppl 1:121-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01773.x.
To determine from a review of the available literature the extent to which involvement in 12-Step mutual support groups could play a role in the recovery process for individuals abusing or dependent on methamphetamine.
Review of the literature on outcomes associated with 12-Step meeting attendance and involvement in 12-Step activities among substance abusers, particularly those who abuse stimulants.
There are few if any data available on methamphetamine abusers and their use of 12-Step approaches. Evidence derived from work with alcohol- and cocaine-dependent individuals indicates that involvement in 12-Step self-help groups, both attending meetings and engaging in 12-Step activities, is associated with reduced substance use and improved outcomes. Although involvement in 12-Step fellowship improves outcome, many individuals do not engage on their own in 12-Step activities, and there are high rates of dropout from such groups. There are a number of evidence-based therapies available to assist clinicians in facilitating 12-Step involvement; however, these have not been used with methamphetamine abusers. While there are some potential barriers to adopting manualized treatment interventions into clinical practice, the familiarity, in community-based practice, of the 12-Step approach may make this easier.
More actively integrating 12-Step approaches into the treatment process may provide low- or no-cost options for methamphetamine abusers and increase the capacity for providing treatment. Further research and evaluation are necessary to determine the extent to which methamphetamine abusers do engage in 12-Step self-help programs, whether they prefer more general (e.g. Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, Cocaine Anonymous) or drug-specific (e.g. Crystal Meth Anonymous) meetings, the rate of dropout and the outcomes associated with their involvement. Further, the efficacy of efforts to facilitate involvement of methamphetamine abusers in such 12-Step groups needs to be determined.
通过回顾现有文献，确定参与12步互助小组在甲基苯丙胺滥用者或依赖者的康复过程中可能发挥作用的程度。
回顾关于参加12步会议以及参与12步活动（在药物滥用者中，尤其是那些滥用兴奋剂的人）所产生结果的文献。
关于甲基苯丙胺滥用者及其对12步方法的使用，几乎没有可用数据。来自对酒精和可卡因依赖者的研究证据表明，参与12步自助小组，包括参加会议和参与12步活动，与药物使用减少及结果改善相关。虽然参与12步团体能改善结果，但许多人不会自行参与12步活动，且此类团体的退出率很高。有多种循证疗法可协助临床医生促进患者参与12步活动；然而，这些疗法尚未用于甲基苯丙胺滥用者。虽然将标准化治疗干预措施应用于临床实践存在一些潜在障碍，但在社区实践中，12步方法的普及可能使其更容易实施。
更积极地将12步方法整合到治疗过程中，可能为甲基苯丙胺滥用者提供低成本或无成本的选择，并提高治疗能力。有必要进行进一步的研究和评估，以确定甲基苯丙胺滥用者参与12步自助项目的程度、他们更喜欢更通用的（如戒酒互助会、匿名戒毒会、可卡因匿名会）还是特定药物的（如冰毒匿名会）会议情况、退出率以及与他们参与相关的结果。此外，还需要确定促进甲基苯丙胺滥用者参与此类12步团体的努力的效果。
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