使用纤维蛋白特异性造影剂在猪肺栓塞模型中对人血栓进行分子磁共振成像。

Molecular MR imaging of human thrombi in a swine model of pulmonary embolism using a fibrin-specific contrast agent.

作者信息

Spuentrup Elmar, Katoh Marcus, Buecker Arno, Fausten Bernd, Wiethoff Andrea J, Wildberger Joachim E, Haage Patrick, Parsons Edward C, Botnar Rene M, Graham Philip B, Vettelschoss Manfred, Günther Rolf W

机构信息

Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Aachen Technical University, Aachen, Germany.

出版信息

Invest Radiol. 2007 Aug;42(8):586-95. doi: 10.1097/RLI.0b013e31804fa154.

DOI:10.1097/RLI.0b013e31804fa154

PMID:17620942

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

Molecular targeted MR imaging of human clots material in a model of pulmonary embolism using a fibrin-specific magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent (EP-2104R, EPIX Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA).

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Fresh ex vivo engineered thrombi (human blood) and human clots removed from patients were delivered in 11 swine. Molecular MR imaging with a 3D gradient-echo [3D fast field echo (3DFFE)] sequence and a navigator-gated and cardiac-triggered 3D inversion-recovery black-blood gradient-echo sequence (IR) was performed before thrombus delivery, after thrombus delivery but before contrast media application, and 2 hours after i.v. administration of 4 micromol/kg EP-2104R. MR images were analyzed by 2 investigators and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was assessed. Thrombi were removed for assessment of gadolinium (Gd) concentration.

RESULTS

Only after contrast media application were pulmonary emboli [freshly engineered thrombi (n = 23) and human clot material removed from patients (n = 25)] visualized as white foci on MR images. CNR was 13 +/- 3 (ex vivo engineered clot) and 22 +/- 9 (patient clot material) for the fast field echo (FFE)-sequence and 29 +/- 9 (ex vivo engineered clot) and 43 +/- 18 (patient clot material) for the IR-sequence, respectively. A high Gd concentration in the clots was found (82 +/- 43 microM for the freshly engineered and 247 +/- 44 microM for the clots removed from patients, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

EP-2104R allows for molecular MR imaging of human clot material in the pulmonary vessels of a swine model.

摘要

目的

使用纤维蛋白特异性磁共振成像造影剂（EP - 2104R，EPIX制药公司，马萨诸塞州剑桥），对肺栓塞模型中的人体血栓材料进行分子靶向磁共振成像。

材料与方法

将新鲜的体外工程血栓（人血）和从患者体内取出的人体血栓植入11头猪体内。在血栓植入前、植入后但在应用造影剂之前以及静脉注射4 μmol/kg EP - 2104R后2小时，使用三维梯度回波[三维快速场回波（3DFFE）]序列以及导航门控和心脏触发的三维反转恢复黑血梯度回波序列（IR）进行分子磁共振成像。由两名研究人员分析磁共振图像并评估对比噪声比（CNR）。取出血栓以评估钆（Gd）浓度。

结果

仅在应用造影剂后，肺栓塞[新鲜的工程血栓（n = 23）和从患者体内取出的人体血栓材料（n = 25）]在磁共振图像上显示为白色病灶。快速场回波（FFE）序列的CNR分别为13±3（体外工程血栓）和22±9（患者血栓材料），IR序列的CNR分别为29±9（体外工程血栓）和43±18（患者血栓材料）。在血栓中发现了高浓度的钆（新鲜工程血栓中为82±43 μM，从患者体内取出的血栓中为247±44 μM）。