Moral dilemmas associated with the withdrawal of artificial hydration.

Withholding artificial hydration from unconscious terminally ill patients is a complex phenomenon identified as terminal dehydration. Towards the end of a terminal illness it is acknowledged that a patient's desire for fluid and food diminishes, followed by a period of unconsciousness (McAulay, 2001). Inconsistent care philosophies produce divergent opinions and often diametrically conflicting treatments (Craig, 1994). Additionally, literature disputes the detrimental effects of dehydration; therefore, decisions pivot on legal and ethical considerations. Consequently, the viewpoints of the medical and nursing staff can vary; furthermore, recognition must be made to the psychological impact of the relatives. As terminal illness is boundless, all areas of healthcare can be affected. Further investigation into this dilemma is required to identify the most appropriate care management plan.