绿肥及与甜菜酒糟堆肥的绿肥在土壤修复中的应用：对土壤性质的影响
Application of a green manure and green manure composted with beet vinasse on soil restoration: effects on soil properties.
作者信息
Tejada M, Gonzalez J L, García-Martínez A M, Parrado J
机构信息
Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, EUITA Universidad de Sevilla, Crta de Utrera km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
出版信息
Bioresour Technol. 2008 Jul;99(11):4949-57. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.026. Epub 2007 Oct 23.
Beet vinasse (BV), a green manure constituted by Trifolium pratense L. uncomposted (TP) and composted with beet vinasse (at 1:1 rate, (TP+BV)1, and 2:1 rate, (TP+BV)2) at 10t organic matter ha(-1) rate were applied during a period of four years for purpose of restoration of a Xelloric Calciorthid located near Seville (Guadalquivir Valley, Andalusia, Spain). The effect on the plant cover, soil physical (structural stability and bulk density), chemical (exchangeable sodium percentage), and biological properties (microbial biomass, soil respiration and enzymatic activities such as dehydrogenase, urease, beta-glucosidase, phosphatase and arylsulfatase) were determined. The application of BV had a detrimental impact on soil physical (structural stability decreased 16.5% and bulk density increased 18.7% respect to the control soil), chemical (exchangeable sodium percentage increased 87.3% respect to the control soil), and biological properties (microbial biomass, soil respiration, and dehydrogenase, urease, beta-glucosidase, phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities decreased by 53.5%, 24.5%, 27.8%, 15%, 39.7%, 42.7%, and 65.6%, respectively with respect to the control soil), probably because high quantities of monovalent cations (Na principally) were introduced into the soil by the vinasse, thus destabilizing its structure. The application of TP had a positive impact on soil physical (structural stability increased 5.9% and bulk density decreased 6.1% respect to the control soil), and biological properties (microbial biomass, soil respiration, and dehydrogenase, urease, beta-glucosidase, phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities increased by 66.3%, 45.6%, 97.7%, 98.9%, 97.7%, 87.2%, and 89.4%, respectively with respect to the control soil). However, when BV was co-composted with a green manure, principally at a 2:1 rate, the resulting compost had a positive effect on soil physical (structural stability increased 10.5% and bulk density decreased 13.5% respect to the control soil), and biological properties (microbial biomass, soil respiration, and dehydrogenase, urease, beta-glucosidase, phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities increased by 68.9%, 46.2%, 97.5%, 98.4%, 99.1%, 90.5% and 91.6%, respectively with respect to the control soil). After four years, the percentage of plant cover decreased 64.3% in the BV-amended plots respect to the control soil, whereas increased 82.8%, 81.6% and 81% in the (TP+BV)2, (TP+BV)1 and TP treatments, respectively. While the application of BV deteriorates the soil and therefore does not contribute to its restoration, the application of TP, and BV composted with TP protects the soil and will contribute to its restoration.
甜菜酒糟（BV）是一种绿肥，由未堆肥的红三叶草（TP）和与甜菜酒糟按1:1比例（(TP+BV)1）及2:1比例（(TP+BV)2）堆肥而成，以10吨有机质/公顷的用量在四年时间里施用于西班牙塞维利亚附近（瓜达尔基维尔河谷，安达卢西亚）的一种黄钾铁矾土，目的是对其进行修复。测定了其对植被覆盖、土壤物理性质（结构稳定性和容重）、化学性质（交换性钠百分比）和生物学性质（微生物生物量、土壤呼吸以及脱氢酶、脲酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、磷酸酶和芳基硫酸酯酶等酶活性）的影响。施用BV对土壤物理性质（与对照土壤相比，结构稳定性降低16.5%，容重增加18.7%）、化学性质（与对照土壤相比，交换性钠百分比增加87.3%）和生物学性质（微生物生物量、土壤呼吸以及脱氢酶、脲酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、磷酸酶和芳基硫酸酯酶活性分别比对照土壤降低53.5%、24.5%、27.8%、15%、39.7%、42.7%和65.6%）有不利影响，这可能是因为酒糟向土壤中引入了大量单价阳离子（主要是钠），从而破坏了土壤结构。施用TP对土壤物理性质（与对照土壤相比，结构稳定性增加5.9%，容重降低6.1%）和生物学性质（微生物生物量、土壤呼吸以及脱氢酶、脲酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、磷酸酶和芳基硫酸酯酶活性分别比对照土壤增加66.3%、45.6%、97.7%、98.9%、97.7%、87.2%和89.4%）有积极影响。然而，当BV与绿肥共同堆肥时，主要是按2:1的比例，所得堆肥对土壤物理性质（与对照土壤相比，结构稳定性增加10.5%，容重降低13.5%）和生物学性质（微生物生物量、土壤呼吸以及脱氢酶、脲酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、磷酸酶和芳基硫酸酯酶活性分别比对照土壤增加68.9%、46.2%、97.5%、98.4%、99.1%、90.5%和91.6%）有积极影响。四年后，与对照土壤相比，施用BV的地块植被覆盖百分比降低了64.3%，而在(TP+BV)2、(TP+BV)1和TP处理地块中分别增加了82.8%、81.⑥%和81%。虽然施用BV会使土壤退化，因此无助于土壤修复，但施用TP以及BV与TP堆肥可保护土壤并有助于土壤修复。
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