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大黄蜂与觅食景观相关的飞行距离。

Bumblebee flight distances in relation to the forage landscape.

作者信息

Osborne Juliet L, Martin Andrew P, Carreck Norman L, Swain Jennifer L, Knight Mairi E, Goulson Dave, Hale Roddy J, Sanderson Roy A

机构信息

Department of Plant & Invertebrate Ecology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.

出版信息

J Anim Ecol. 2008 Mar;77(2):406-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01333.x. Epub 2007 Nov 6.

Abstract
  1. Foraging range is a key aspect of the ecology of 'central place foragers'. Estimating how far bees fly under different circumstances is essential for predicting colony success, and for estimating bee-mediated gene flow between plant populations. It is likely to be strongly influenced by forage distribution, something that is hard to quantify in all but the simplest landscapes; and theories of foraging distance tend to assume a homogeneous forage distribution. 2. We quantified the distribution of bumblebee Bombus terrestris L. foragers away from experimentally positioned colonies, in an agricultural landscape, using two methods. We mass-marked foragers as they left the colony, and analysed pollen from foragers returning to the colonies. The data were set within the context of the 'forage landscape': a map of the spatial distribution of forage as determined from remote-sensed data. To our knowledge, this is the first time that empirical data on foraging distances and forage availability, at this resolution and scale, have been collected and combined for bumblebees. 3. The bees foraged at least 1.5 km from their colonies, and the proportion of foragers flying to one field declined, approximately linearly, with radial distance. In this landscape there was great variation in forage availability within 500 m of colonies but little variation beyond 1 km, regardless of colony location. 4. The scale of B. terrestris foraging was large enough to buffer against effects of forage patch and flowering crop heterogeneity, but bee species with shorter foraging ranges may experience highly variable colony success according to location.
摘要
  1. 觅食范围是“中心地觅食者”生态学的一个关键方面。估算蜜蜂在不同情况下飞行的距离对于预测蜂群的成功以及估算植物种群之间蜜蜂介导的基因流动至关重要。它很可能受到饲料分布的强烈影响,而饲料分布在除最简单景观之外的所有景观中都很难量化;并且觅食距离理论往往假定饲料分布是均匀的。2. 我们在一个农业景观中,使用两种方法对离开实验放置蜂群的熊蜂(Bombus terrestris L.)觅食者的分布进行了量化。当觅食者离开蜂群时,我们对它们进行大量标记,并分析返回蜂群的觅食者身上的花粉。数据是在“饲料景观”的背景下设定的:根据遥感数据确定的饲料空间分布图。据我们所知,这是首次在这种分辨率和规模下收集并结合关于熊蜂觅食距离和饲料可用性的实证数据。3. 蜜蜂在距离其蜂群至少1.5公里的地方觅食,飞向一块田地的觅食者比例随着径向距离大致呈线性下降。在这个景观中,蜂群500米范围内的饲料可用性有很大差异,但无论蜂群位置如何,1公里以外的差异很小。4. 熊蜂的觅食范围足够大,足以缓冲饲料斑块和开花作物异质性的影响,但觅食范围较短的蜜蜂物种可能会根据位置经历高度可变的蜂群成功率。

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