Escoffier N, Tillmann B
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Neurosciences Sensorielles, Comportement, Cognition, CNRS-UMR 5020, IFR 19, 50 Avenue Tony Garnier, F-69366 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
Cognition. 2008 Jun;107(3):1070-83. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2007.10.007. Epub 2008 Feb 20.
Harmonic priming studies have provided evidence that musical expectations influence sung phoneme monitoring, with facilitated processing for phonemes sung on tonally related (expected) chords in comparison to less-related (less-expected) chords [Bigand, Tillmann, Poulin, D'Adamo, and Madurell (2001). The effect of harmonic context on phoneme monitoring in vocal music. Cognition, 81, B11-B20]. This tonal relatedness effect has suggested two interpretations: (a) processing of music and language interact at some level of processing; and (b) tonal functions of chords influence task performance via listeners' attention. Our study investigated these hypotheses by exploring whether the effect of tonal relatedness extends to the processing of visually presented syllables (Experiments 1 and 2) and geometric forms (Experiments 3 and 4). For Experiments 1-4, visual target identification was faster when the musical background fulfilled listeners' expectations (i.e., a related chord was played simultaneously). In Experiment 4, the addition of a baseline condition (i.e., without an established tonal center) further showed that the observed difference was due to a facilitation linked to the related chord and not to an inhibition or disruption caused by the less-related chord. This outcome suggests the influence of musical structures on attentional mechanisms and that these mechanisms are shared between auditory and visual modalities. The implications for research investigating neural correlates shared by music and language processing are discussed.
和声启动研究提供了证据，表明音乐期望会影响对所唱音素的监测，与在调性不太相关（不太预期）的和弦上所唱的音素相比，在调性相关（预期）的和弦上所唱的音素的处理更顺畅[比甘德、蒂尔曼、普林、达阿达莫和马杜雷尔（2001年）。和声背景对声乐中音素监测的影响。《认知》，81卷，B11 - B20页]。这种调性相关性效应提出了两种解释：（a）音乐和语言的处理在某种处理层面上相互作用；（b）和弦的调性功能通过听众的注意力影响任务表现。我们的研究通过探究调性相关性效应是否扩展到对视觉呈现的音节（实验1和2）和几何图形（实验3和4）的处理来检验这些假设。在实验1 - 4中，当音乐背景符合听众的期望时（即同时演奏相关和弦），视觉目标识别更快。在实验4中，增加了一个基线条件（即没有既定的调性中心）进一步表明，观察到的差异是由于与相关和弦相关的促进作用，而不是由不太相关的和弦引起的抑制或干扰。这一结果表明音乐结构对注意力机制有影响，并且这些机制在听觉和视觉模态之间是共享的。文中还讨论了对研究音乐和语言处理所共有的神经关联的意义。
