当钳子在猴子运动系统中变成手指时。
When pliers become fingers in the monkey motor system.
作者信息
Umiltà M A, Escola L, Intskirveli I, Grammont F, Rochat M, Caruana F, Jezzini A, Gallese V, Rizzolatti G
机构信息
Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43100 Parma, Italy.
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Feb 12;105(6):2209-13. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0705985105. Epub 2008 Jan 31.
The capacity to use tools is a fundamental evolutionary achievement. Its essence stands in the capacity to transfer a proximal goal (grasp a tool) to a distal goal (e.g., grasp food). Where and how does this goal transfer occur? Here, we show that, in monkeys trained to use tools, cortical motor neurons, active during hand grasping, also become active during grasping with pliers, as if the pliers were now the hand fingers. This motor embodiment occurs both for normal pliers and for "reverse pliers," an implement that requires finger opening, instead of their closing, to grasp an object. We conclude that the capacity to use tools is based on an inherently goal-centered functional organization of primate cortical motor areas.
使用工具的能力是一项基本的进化成就。其本质在于将近端目标（握住工具）转化为远端目标（如抓取食物）的能力。这种目标转化发生在哪里以及如何发生呢？在这里，我们表明，在经过训练使用工具的猴子中，在手部抓握时活跃的皮质运动神经元，在使用钳子抓握时也会变得活跃，就好像钳子现在是手指一样。这种运动具身化现象在正常钳子和“反向钳子”（一种需要张开手指而非闭合手指来抓取物体的工具）的使用中都会出现。我们得出结论，使用工具的能力基于灵长类动物皮质运动区固有的以目标为中心的功能组织。
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