Ebrahimian Talin, Touyz Rhian M
Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Antioxid Redox Signal. 2008 Jun;10(6):1127-36. doi: 10.1089/ars.2007.1985.
The thioredoxin (TRX) system consists of TRX, TRX reductase, and NAD(P)H, and is able to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) through interactions with the redox-active center of TRX, which in turn can be reduced by TRX reductase in the presence of NAD(P)H. Among the TRX superfamily is peroxiredoxin (PRX), a family of non-heme peroxidases that catalyzes the reduction of hydroperoxides into water and alcohol. The TRX system is active in the vessel wall and functions either as an important endogenous antioxidant or interacts directly with signaling molecules to influence cell growth, apoptosis, and inflammation. Recent evidence implicates TRX in cardiovascular disease associated with oxidative stress, such as cardiac failure, arrhythmia, ischemia reperfusion injury, and hypertension. Thioredoxin activity is influenced by many mechanisms, including transcription, protein-protein interaction, and post-translational modification. Regulation of TRX in hypertensive models seems to be related to oxidative stress and is tissue- and cell-specific. Depending on the models of hypertension, TRX system could be upregulated or downregulated. The present review focuses on the role of TRX in vascular biology, describing its redox activities and biological properties in the media and endothelium of the vessel wall. In addition, the pathopysiological role of TRX in hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases is addressed.
硫氧还蛋白（TRX）系统由硫氧还蛋白、硫氧还蛋白还原酶和NAD（P）H组成，能够通过与硫氧还蛋白的氧化还原活性中心相互作用来还原活性氧（ROS），而在NAD（P）H存在的情况下，硫氧还蛋白还原酶又能将其还原。硫氧还蛋白超家族中包括过氧化物酶（PRX），它是一类非血红素过氧化物酶，可催化氢过氧化物还原为水和醇。硫氧还蛋白系统在血管壁中具有活性，既作为一种重要的内源性抗氧化剂发挥作用，又可直接与信号分子相互作用，从而影响细胞生长、凋亡和炎症。最近的证据表明，硫氧还蛋白与心力衰竭、心律失常、缺血再灌注损伤和高血压等与氧化应激相关的心血管疾病有关。硫氧还蛋白的活性受多种机制影响，包括转录、蛋白质 - 蛋白质相互作用和翻译后修饰。高血压模型中硫氧还蛋白的调节似乎与氧化应激有关，并且具有组织和细胞特异性。根据高血压模型的不同，硫氧还蛋白系统可能会上调或下调。本综述重点关注硫氧还蛋白在血管生物学中的作用，描述其在血管壁中层和内皮中的氧化还原活性及生物学特性。此外，还探讨了硫氧还蛋白在高血压和其他心血管疾病中的病理生理作用。
