Uddin Sayeedha Ghori, Barnett Daniel J, Parker Cindy L, Links Jonathan M, Alexander Miriam
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Acad Med. 2008 Mar;83(3):298-304. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181637edc.
As the importance of physician involvement and leadership in crisis preparedness is recognized, the literature suggests that few physicians are adequately trained to practice effectively in a large-scale crisis situation. A logical method for addressing the emergency preparedness training deficiency identified across several medical specialties is to include disaster and emergency preparedness training in residency curricula. In this article, the authors outline the development and implementation of an emergency preparedness curriculum for the Johns Hopkins General Preventive Medicine Residency (JHGPMR) from 2004 to 2006. The curriculum consists of two components. The first was developed for the academic year in the JHGPMR and includes didactic lectures, practical exercises to apply new knowledge, and an opportunity to integrate the knowledge and skills in a real-world exercise. The second, developed for the practicum year of the residency, includes Web-based lectures and online content and culminates in a tabletop preparedness exercise. Topics for both components include weapons of mass destruction, risk communication and personal preparedness, aspects of local emergency response planning, and mental health and psychological aspects of terrorism. On the basis of the emergency preparedness training gap that has been identified in the literature, and the success of the three-year experience in implementing a preparedness training curriculum in the JHGPMR, the authors recommend incorporation of competency-based emergency preparedness training for residencies of all specialties, and offer insights into how the described curriculum could be adapted for use in other residency settings.
随着医生参与和领导危机准备工作的重要性得到认可，文献表明，很少有医生接受过足够的培训，无法在大规模危机情况下有效开展工作。解决多个医学专业中发现的应急准备培训不足问题的一个合理方法是将灾难和应急准备培训纳入住院医师课程。在本文中，作者概述了2004年至2006年约翰·霍普金斯大学普通预防医学住院医师培训项目（JHGPMR）应急准备课程的开发和实施情况。该课程由两个部分组成。第一部分是为JHGPMR的学年开发的，包括理论讲座、应用新知识的实践练习，以及在实际演练中整合知识和技能的机会。第二部分是为住院医师实习年开发的，包括网络讲座和在线内容，并以桌面应急演练作为结束。两个部分的主题都包括大规模杀伤性武器、风险沟通和个人准备、当地应急响应计划的各个方面，以及恐怖主义的心理健康和心理方面。基于文献中确定的应急准备培训差距，以及在JHGPMR实施三年准备培训课程的成功经验，作者建议为所有专业的住院医师纳入基于能力的应急准备培训，并就如何将所描述的课程改编用于其他住院医师培训环境提供见解。
