Golbert Airton, Campos Maria Amélia A
Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto AlegreSão Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2008 Mar;52(2):307-14. doi: 10.1590/s0004-27302008000200018.
As a result of the advances in glucose monitoring and insulin administration, there has been a dramatic improvement in the outcomes of pregnancy in diabetic women over the past decades. Pregnancy in type 1 diabetic women is associated with an increase in risk both to the fetus and to the mother. The normalization of blood glucose in order to prevent congenital anomalies and spontaneous abortions is considered a priority. As the pregnancy progress, the mother is at an increased risk for hypoglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis. Later in the pregnancy, she is at risk of accelerated retinopathy, pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia-eclampsia, urinary tract infection, and polyhydramnios. At the end of pregnancy, there is also an increased risk of macrosomia and sudden death of the fetus in uterus. All of these complications can be prevented or, at least, minimized with careful planning of the pregnancy and intensive tight glucose control.
由于葡萄糖监测和胰岛素给药技术的进步，在过去几十年中，糖尿病女性的妊娠结局有了显著改善。1型糖尿病女性怀孕会增加胎儿和母亲的风险。为预防先天性异常和自然流产而使血糖正常化被视为首要任务。随着妊娠进展，母亲发生低血糖或糖尿病酮症酸中毒的风险增加。在妊娠后期，她有加速性视网膜病变、妊娠高血压和先兆子痫 - 子痫、尿路感染和羊水过多的风险。在妊娠末期，还存在巨大儿和胎儿宫内猝死风险增加的情况。通过精心规划妊娠和强化严格的血糖控制，所有这些并发症都可以预防，或者至少可以将其降至最低程度。
